- Holy Roman emperors
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▪ TableHoly Roman emperorsCarolingian dynastyCharlemagne (Charles I) 800-814Louis I 814-840Civil war 840-843Lothar I 843-855Louis II 855-875Charles II 875-877Interregnum 877-881Charles III 881-887Interregnum 887-891House of SpoletoGuy (Guy II) 891-894Lambert (Lambert Of Spoleto) 894-898Carolingian dynastyArnulf 896-899Louis III 901-905Berengar 915-924House of Saxony (Liudolfings)Otto I 936-973Otto II 973-983Otto III 983-1002Henry II 1002-24Salian dynastyConrad II 1024-39Henry III 1039-56Henry IV 1084-1105/06Rival claimantsRudolf 1077-80Hermann 1081-93Conrad 1093-1101Henry V 1105/06-25House of SupplinburgLothar II (Lothar II (or III)) 1125-37House of HohenstaufenConrad III 1138-52Frederick I (Barbarossa) 1152-90Henry VI 1190-97Philip 1198-1208Welf dynastyOtto IV 1198-1214House of HohenstaufenFrederick II 1215-50Rival claimantsHenry Raspe (Henry Raspe) 1246-47William of Holland (William) 1247-56Conrad IV 1250-54Great InterregnumRichard 1257-72Alfonso (Alfonso X) (Alfonso X of Castile) 1257-75House of HabsburgRudolf I 1273-91House of NassauAdolf 1292-98House of HabsburgAlbert I 1298-1308House of LuxembourgHenry VII 1308-13House of HabsburgFrederick (Frederick (III)) (III) 1314-26House of WittelsbachLouis IV 1314-46House of LuxembourgCharles IV 1346-78Wenceslas 1378-1400House of WittelsbachRupert 1400-10House of LuxembourgJobst 1410-11Sigismund 1410-37House of HabsburgAlbert II 1438-39Frederick III 1440-93Maximilian I 1493-1519Charles V 1519-56Ferdinand I 1556-64Maximilian II 1564-76Rudolf II 1576-1612Matthias 1612-19Ferdinand II 1619-37Ferdinand III 1637-57Leopold I 1658-1705Joseph I 1705-11Charles VI 1711-40House of WittelsbachCharles VII 1742-45House of HabsburgFrancis I 1745-65Joseph II 1765-90Leopold II 1790-92Francis II 1792-1806Succession to the imperial crown throughout the history of the Holy Roman Empire depended upon coronation by the pope and, especially later, election. As a result, most emperors took power as kings before ascending to the rank of emperor, though some also assumed the imperial crown as coemperor with their predecessor. Because of the complex and varied nature of succession, the dates of reign for the rulers in this table begin with the onset of their reign as independent rulers rather than with their assumption of the imperial dignity.See as table:
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Universalium. 2010.