Holy Roman emperors

Holy Roman emperors

Table
Holy Roman emperors
Carolingian dynasty
Charlemagne (Charles I) 800-814
Louis I 814-840
  Civil war 840-843
Lothar I 843-855
Louis II 855-875
Charles II 875-877
  Interregnum 877-881
Charles III 881-887
  Interregnum 887-891
House of Spoleto
Guy (Guy II) 891-894
Lambert (Lambert Of Spoleto) 894-898
Carolingian dynasty
Arnulf 896-899
Louis III 901-905
Berengar 915-924
House of Saxony (Liudolfings)
Otto I 936-973
Otto II 973-983
Otto III 983-1002
Henry II 1002-24
Salian dynasty
Conrad II 1024-39
Henry III 1039-56
Henry IV 1084-1105/06
  Rival claimants
   Rudolf 1077-80
  Hermann 1081-93
   Conrad 1093-1101
Henry V 1105/06-25
House of Supplinburg
Lothar II (Lothar II (or III)) 1125-37
House of Hohenstaufen
Conrad III 1138-52
Frederick I (Barbarossa) 1152-90
Henry VI 1190-97
Philip 1198-1208
Welf dynasty
Otto IV 1198-1214
House of Hohenstaufen
Frederick II 1215-50
  Rival claimants
  Henry (VII) (Henry (VII)) 1220-35
  Henry Raspe (Henry Raspe) 1246-47
  William of Holland (William) 1247-56
Conrad IV 1250-54
Great Interregnum
Richard 1257-72
Alfonso (Alfonso X) (Alfonso X of Castile) 1257-75
House of Habsburg
Rudolf I 1273-91
House of Nassau
Adolf 1292-98
House of Habsburg
Albert I 1298-1308
House of Luxembourg
Henry VII 1308-13
House of Habsburg
Frederick (Frederick (III)) (III) 1314-26
House of Wittelsbach
Louis IV 1314-46
House of Luxembourg
Charles IV 1346-78
Wenceslas 1378-1400
House of Wittelsbach
Rupert 1400-10
House of Luxembourg
Jobst 1410-11
Sigismund 1410-37
House of Habsburg
Albert II 1438-39
Frederick III 1440-93
Maximilian I 1493-1519
Charles V 1519-56
Ferdinand I 1556-64
Maximilian II 1564-76
Rudolf II 1576-1612
Matthias 1612-19
Ferdinand II 1619-37
Ferdinand III 1637-57
Leopold I 1658-1705
Joseph I 1705-11
Charles VI 1711-40
House of Wittelsbach
Charles VII 1742-45
House of Habsburg
Francis I 1745-65
Joseph II 1765-90
Leopold II 1790-92
Francis II 1792-1806
Succession to the imperial crown throughout the history of the Holy Roman Empire depended upon coronation by the pope and, especially later, election. As a result, most emperors took power as kings before ascending to the rank of emperor, though some also assumed the imperial crown as coemperor with their predecessor. Because of the complex and varied nature of succession, the dates of reign for the rulers in this table begin with the onset of their reign as independent rulers rather than with their assumption of the imperial dignity.
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