Zhu Youlang

▪ emperor of Nan Ming dynasty

Wade-Giles romanization  Chu Yu-lang , reign name  Yongli , also called  Prince of Gui 

born November 1623, Beijing, China

died April 1662, Kunming, Yunnan province

      claimant to the Ming (Ming dynasty) throne after the Manchu forces of Manchuria had captured the Ming capital at Beijing and established the Qing dynasty (1644–1911/12).

      A grandson of the Ming emperor Shenzong (reigned 1572–1620, reign name Wanli), Zhu was given the title of the prince of Gui. After Zhu Yujian (the prince of Tang; 1602–46), another claimant to the throne, was captured and executed by the Qing forces in 1646, Zhu fled to Zhaoqing, in South China and was proclaimed the new Ming emperor with the reign title of Yongli. Zhu's forces made a stand at the city of Guilin in Guangxi province; his armies, using Western cannon, were at first successful, and by 1648 several provinces were under his nominal control. But in 1649 the Qing forces recouped their losses, and Zhu was driven by a series of military defeats into southwestern China and in 1659 was forced to flee into Myanmar (Burma). Qing forces pursued him into that country, and he was captured, taken back to China, and executed.

      All the members of Zhu's household were Christian converts. During the fighting, the empress dowager, baptized Helena, sent a letter to Pope Innocent X asking for his prayers for the Ming cause. By the time the Vatican's reply arrived several years later, Zhu and Helena were dead.

* * *