Torcy, Jean-Baptiste Colbert, marquis de

▪ French diplomat

born Sept. 14, 1665, Paris

died Sept. 2, 1746, Paris

      French diplomat and foreign minister who negotiated some of the most important treaties of Louis XIV's (Louis XIV) reign.

      The son of Charles Colbert, minister of foreign affairs, Torcy was a brilliant student, earning a law degree (1683) at so young an age that he needed special dispensation to receive it. His father initiated him into the art of diplomacy, and the young man followed him on his diplomatic missions. Torcy proved himself so able that in 1689 Louis XIV granted him the right to succeed to his father's position. He negotiated the treaty in which Charles II of Spain named the Duke d'Anjou, grandson of Louis XIV, as heir to the Spanish throne. In 1708 Torcy drafted the famous manifesto in which the king called on the nation to make a supreme effort to win the War of the Spanish Succession. Torcy was also the guiding spirit at the innumerable conferences that resulted in the treaties of Utrecht (1713) and Rastatt (1714).

      The king, recognizing that Torcy had in actuality fulfilled many functions of a secretary of state, named him such in his will. But when Louis died (1715), the will was broken and the regent deprived Torcy of any political power. One of his contributions to historiography was the establishment in Versailles (1710) of a diplomatic archive.

* * *