Taylor, Margaret

▪ American first lady

née  Margaret Mackall Smith 

born September 21, 1788, Calvert County, Maryland, U.S.

died August 14, 1852, East Pascagoula, Mississippi

 American first lady (1849–50), the wife of Zachary Taylor (Taylor, Zachary), 12th president of the United States.

      Margaret Smith was the daughter of wealthy plantation owners Ann Mackall and Walter Smith. Although details of her childhood are hazy, it is known that she was educated at home. While visiting her sister in Kentucky, she met Zachary Taylor—then a lieutenant in the army—and after a brief courtship the couple wed on June 21, 1810. Between 1811 and 1826 Margaret gave birth to six children—five girls and one boy—two of whom died of bilious fever in 1820. Her husband's military career took the family to a variety of outposts and forts in unsettled areas of the Midwest, and, while Margaret patiently managed homes that lacked the comforts she had known in her youth, she sent her four surviving children to excellent schools in the East.

      Despite the rigours and uncertainties inherent in a military life, all three surviving Taylor daughters married career soldiers, and the Taylor's son eventually became a commander in the Confederate Army during the American Civil War. One daughter, Sarah Knox, married Jefferson Davis (Davis, Jefferson)—later president of the Confederate States of America—whom her father initially objected to because of his military profession, though he later came to like him immensely. Had Sarah not died of malaria only three months after their wedding, she would have become first lady of the Confederacy.

      Having become a national hero in the Mexican War (Mexican-American War), General Zachary Taylor, known by then as “Old Rough and Ready,” accepted the presidential nomination of the Whig Party in 1848, though Margaret disapproved. Following his election that year, she moved with him to Washington, D.C., but delegated White House hostess duties and social appearances to her daughter Betty Bliss. Margaret's avoidance of public appearances led to many unfounded rumours, including a persistent story that she was an unsophisticated frontier woman who smoked a pipe. Her grandson pointed out, however, that she could not tolerate the smell of smoke (which made her “actively ill”) and was “intolerant of the slightest breach of good manners.”

      Following her husband's death on July 9, 1850, Margaret Taylor lived with her daughters, and she died at the Bliss home in 1852. She was buried beside her husband at what later became the Zachary Taylor National Cemetery in Louisville, Kentucky. One of the most elusive of all first ladies, no portrait of her made during her lifetime has survived.

Betty Boyd Caroli

Additional Reading

A brief biography of Margaret Taylor is Thomas H. Appleton, Jr., “Margaret (Mackall Smith) Taylor,” in Lewis L. Gould (ed.), American First Ladies: Their Lives and Their Legacy (1996), pp. 145–153. Biographies of her husband that devote considerable attention to her are Holman Hamilton, Zachary Taylor, 2 vol. (1941–51, reprinted 1989).

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