Taylor, Edward

▪ American poet

born 1645?, in or near Coventry, Warwickshire, Eng.

died June 24, 1729, Westfield, Mass. [U.S.]

      one of the foremost poets in colonial British North America.

      Unwilling to subscribe to the required oath of conformity because of his staunch adherence to Congregational principles, Taylor gave up schoolteaching in England, emigrated to New England, and was immediately admitted as a sophomore by the president of Harvard College, Increase Mather. After his graduation in 1671, he became minister in the frontier village of Westfield, Mass., where he remained until his death. He married twice and became the father of 13 children, most of whom he outlived.

      Taylor's 400-page quarto manuscript, Poetical Works, was not published by his heirs at Taylor's request. It came into the possession of Yale University in 1883 by the gift of a descendant, and the best of his verse was published in 1939. The important poems fall into two broad divisions. “God's Determinations Touching His Elect” is an extended verse sequence thematically setting forth the grace and majesty of God as a drama of sin and redemption. The “Sacramental Meditations,” about 200 in number, were described by Taylor as “Preparatory Meditations Before My Approach to the Lord's Supper.”

      Central to all his poems is the typical Metaphysical mode: the extravagant figure of speech and the association of image and idea intended by its tension to strike poetic sparks. The Poetical Works of Edward Taylor (1939), edited by T.H. Johnson, is a selection of poems, a biographical sketch, critical introduction, and notes. The Poems of Edward Taylor (1960), edited by Donald E. Stanford, is a comprehensive edition, including the complete text of the “Meditations.”

* * *