Swigert, John L., Jr.

▪ American astronaut

in full  John Leonard Swigert, Jr.,  byname  Jack Swigert 

born Aug. 30, 1931, Denver, Colo., U.S.

died Dec. 27, 1982, Washington, D.C.

      U.S. astronaut, participant in the Apollo (Apollo program) 13 mission (April 11–17, 1970), in which an intended Moon landing was cancelled because of a ruptured fuel-cell oxygen tank in the service module. The crew, consisting of Swigert, Fred W. Haise, Jr. (Haise, Fred W., Jr.), and Comdr. James A. Lovell, Jr. (Lovell, James A(rthur), Jr.), returned safely to Earth, making use of the life-support system in the lunar module. Swigert was a last-minute substitute for Thomas K. Mattingly, who was ill.

      Swigert graduated from the University of Colorado, Boulder, in 1953 and was awarded a master's degree by the Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, N.Y., in 1965. Before becoming an astronaut in 1966, he was a U.S. Air Force pilot in Japan and Korea and a commercial test pilot.

      Swigert took a leave of absence from the space program in 1973 to become executive director of the Committee on Science and Technology of the U.S. House of Representatives. He resigned from the committee and from the National Aeronautics and Space Administration in 1977 and entered private business in Virginia. He ran unsuccessfully for a seat in the U.S. Senate in 1978 but was elected from Colorado to the House of Representatives in 1982, shortly before his death.

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