Stainer, Sir John

▪ British composer

born June 6, 1840, London, Eng.

died March 31, 1901, Verona, Italy

      English organist and church composer and a leading early musicologist.

      As a boy Stainer sang in the choir of St. Paul's Cathedral (1847–56). At the age of 16 he was appointed organist at the newly opened St. Michael's College, Tenbury, a school for church musicians. Named organist at St. Paul's in 1872, Stainer served in that prestigious position until 1888, when he resigned because of failing eyesight. He was a founder of the (later Royal) Musical Association in 1874 and taught at the National Training School for Music, opened in 1876. Knighted in 1888, Stainer was professor of music at the University of Oxford from 1889 to his death.

      Stainer's Romantic church music is now mainly performed in England, although his best-known oratorio, The Crucifixion (1887), is also performed in other English-speaking countries. He wrote songs as well as cantatas, services, anthems, and other music for the church service. He also published treatises on the organ and music theory and collaborated on a dictionary of musical terms. Stainer's most lasting contribution is his compilation Early Bodleian Music, with musical examples from the 12th to the 16th century, and Dufay and His Contemporaries (publication begun in 1898), an edition of 15th-century music prepared with the help of his children. Both publications helped open the way to the study of Medieval and Renaissance music, which during Stainer's time was almost unknown.

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