Smashing Pumpkins

▪ American rock group

      American band, one of the most popular and influential alternative rock groups of the 1990s. Founded by guitarist and songwriter Billy Corgan (b. March 17, 1967, Elk Grove, Ill., U.S.) in Chicago in 1988, the Smashing Pumpkins created a postpunk blend of progressive rock, grunge, and psychedelia that incorporated the brooding atmospherics of goth rock and the adventurous melodiousness of “dream pop” bands such the Cocteau Twins.

      In addition to Corgan, the band's founding members were guitarist James Iha (original name James Yoshinobu Iha; b. March 26, 1968, Chicago), bassist D'Arcy (original name D'Arcy Elizabeth Wretzky; b. May 1, 1968, South Haven, Mich.), and drummer Jimmy Chamberlin (b. June 10, 1964 , Joliet, Ill.). Although the group found success with its debut single, “I Am One” (1990), it was the band's debut album, Gish (1991), with its arena-ready anthems, multitracked guitars, and high melodrama, that helped transform the rock landscape of the 1990s.

      The Smashing Pumpkins got even bigger with the release of their second album, the multiplatinum Siamese Dream (1993), which featured the hits "Cherub Rock," "Today," and "Disarm." The follow-up, a double album, Mellon Collie and the Infinite Sadness (1995), debuted at number one on the Billboard charts on the way to selling over four million copies in the United States and earning seven Grammy nominations.

      The Smashing Pumpkins were at the peak of their popularity when Jonathan Melvoin, the band's touring keyboardist, died of a heroin overdose. Thereafter, matters worsened as the band experienced a series of lineup changes. Adore (1998) not only met with mixed reviews but sold poorly, and MACHINA/The Machine of God (2000) sounded as if Corgan were going it alone, which he was by December 2000, when the group broke up—though it released a parting shot, Machina II: The Friends and Enemies of Modern Music, on the Internet in early 2001.

      In 2005, Corgan and Chamberlain, who had played together briefly in another band, Zwan, announced that the Smashing Pumpkins were reuniting; however, they were the only original members who performed on the subsequent release, Zeitgeist (2007).

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