Parini, Giuseppe

▪ Italian author

born May 22/23, 1729, Bosisio, near Milan [Italy]

died Aug. 15, 1799, Milan

      Italian prose writer and poet remembered for a series of beautifully written Horatian odes and particularly for Il giorno, (4 books, 1763–1801; The Day), a satiric poem on the selfishness and superficiality of the Milanese aristocracy.

      Of humble origins, Parini was educated by the Barnabites in Milan. A volume of Arcadian verse, Alcune poesie di Ripano Eupilino (1752), brought him into literary circles; the following year he joined the prestigious Milanese Accademia dei Trasformati (“Academy of the Transformed”).

      In 1754 Parini was ordained a priest and entered the household of Duke Gabrio Serbelloni as tutor to the duke's oldest son. He remained there until 1762, unhappy and badly treated; but he won ample revenge, first in Dialogo sopra la nobiltà (1757), a discussion between the corpse of a nobleman and the corpse of a poet about the true nature of nobility, and next through his masterpiece, the satiric poem Il giorno.

      The first two parts of Il giorno brought Parini literary renown; he became editor of the Gazzetta di Milano and then a humanities professor in the Palatine and Brera schools. In Milan he met the young W.A. Mozart, who composed an operatic score for his play Ascanio in Alba (opera performed 1771). When the French took Milan in 1796, Parini, rather uncomfortably, held a government post for three years.

      The most important of Parini's other works are his odes (Odi, published 1795), composed over a period of about 20 years. Parini also wrote several literary tracts and an aesthetic treatise, Dei principi generali e particolari delle belle lettere (1801; “On General and Particular Principles of Belles Lettres”).

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