Pagnol, Marcel Paul

▪ French author and director

born Feb. 25, 1895, Aubagne, Fr.

died April 18, 1974, Paris

      French writer and motion-picture producer-director who won both fame as the master of stage comedy and critical acclaim for his filmmaking. He was elected to the French Academy in 1946, the first filmmaker to be so honoured.

      Pagnol's father was superintendent of the town's schools, and Pagnol likewise trained for a teaching career. He obtained his teacher's diploma from the faculty of letters of the University of Montpellier. He wrote poetry, novels, and plays while working as a teacher. After World War I Pagnol published the novel Pirouettes and had several plays produced in the provinces. He transferred to teach at a school in Paris in 1922, and there, three years later, his play Les Marchands de gloire (1925; The Merchants of Glory), written with Paul Nivoix, opened to high critical praise. Because of its unpopular subject matter, war profiteering, the play did not have wide appeal and closed after a few performances. Undaunted, Pagnol finally in 1926 had a hit with Jazz, which won both critical and popular success. Topaze (1928) secured Pagnol's reputation as a major French playwright. Topaze ran for two years in Paris and was later adapted for the Broadway stage and made into a film in 1933. His next three comedies—Marius (1929), Fanny (1931), and César (1936), known as the Marseille trilogy—deal with the lives of a Marseille fishmonger, Fanny, her lover Marius who goes off to sea, César the father, and his friend Panisse. The salty language of the people and Pagnol's ability to capture the atmosphere of the port at Marseille made the plays universally appealing, and the films made from them influenced the later Neorealists. The plays also inspired the Broadway musical Fanny, which was later adopted into a motion picture.

      In 1931 Pagnol decided to become a filmmaker. He opened his own movie studio in 1933 and went on to direct such award-winning films as Angèle (1934), Regain (1937; Harvest), La Femme du boulanger (1938; The Baker's Wife), La Fille du puisatier (1940; The Well Digger's Daughter), and Les Lettres de mon moulin (1954; Letters from My Windmill). His films are set in Provence and were often adapted from stories by Jean Giono. They depict the lives of the farmers and shopkeepers of rural southern France and feature tightly constructed plots and realistic dialogue. Pagnol wrote extensively on filmmaking and was the author of three autobiographical volumes.

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