Noot, Henri van der

▪ Belgian political leader

born Jan. 7, 1731, Brussels, Austrian Netherlands [now in Belgium]

died Jan. 12, 1827, Strombeek, Neth.

      lawyer and political activist of the southern Netherlands who, along with Jean-François Vonck (Vonck, Jean-François), led the Brabant Revolution of 1789 against the regime of the Austrian Habsburg Holy Roman emperor Joseph II. He failed to maintain national support, however, and yielded to an Austrian invasion the following year.

      Van der Noot served as an advocate in Brabant and in 1787 began to organize against the sweeping religious and political reforms of Joseph II, which violated traditional local privileges. After influencing the guilds of Brabant to form a militia, he escaped arrest in August 1788 by fleeing to Breda in the United Provinces (Dutch Republic). There and in London he offered sovereignty over the southern Netherlands to the Dutch House of Orange and won a promise of support from Prussia. In 1789 he joined forces with J.-F. Vonck's army led by Jean-André van der Meersch (Meersch, Jean-André van der) at Breda. After the rebels' victory over the Austrians, he returned triumphantly to Brussels in December 1789.

      Van der Noot and his supporters, the “Statist party,” who sought a return to oligarchic rule, were able to force Vonck's democratic faction out of the government. He was unable to unify the country, however, and went into exile (where he remained until 1792) after the Austrians took the southern Netherlands in December 1790, defeating a local army weakened by the Statists' arrest of van der Meersch. Van der Noot was imprisoned in 1796 by the French Directory and was never again prominent in public life except for a brief emergence in 1814, when he argued for the return of the southern Netherlands to Austrian rule.

* * *