Moseley, Henry Gwyn Jeffreys
- Moseley, Henry Gwyn Jeffreys
-
▪ British physicist
born Nov. 23, 1887, Weymouth, Dorset, Eng.
died Aug. 10, 1915, Gallipoli, Tur.
English physicist who experimentally demonstrated that the major properties of an element are determined by the atomic number, not by the atomic weight, and firmly established the relationship between atomic number and the charge of the atomic nucleus.
Educated at Trinity College, Oxford, Moseley in 1910 was appointed lecturer in physics at Ernest (later Lord) Rutherford's laboratory at the University of Manchester, where he worked until the outbreak of World War I, when he entered the army. His first researches were concerned with radioactivity and beta radiation in radium. He then turned to the study of the X-ray spectra of the elements. In a brilliant series of experiments he found a relationship between the frequencies of corresponding lines in the X-ray spectra. In a paper published in 1913, he reported that the frequencies are proportional to the squares of whole numbers that are equal to the atomic number plus a constant.
Known as Moseley's law, this fundamental discovery concerning atomic numbers was a milestone in advancing the knowledge of the atom. In 1914 Moseley published a paper in which he concluded that there were three unknown elements between aluminum and gold (there are, in
fact,
four). He also concluded correctly that there were only 92 elements up to and including uranium and 14 rare-earth elements.
Moseley's death at the Battle of Suvla Bay (in
Turkey) at the age of 27 deprived the world of one of its most promising experimental physicists.
* * *
Universalium.
2010.
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Moseley,Henry Gwyn Jeffreys — Mose·ley (mōzʹlē), Henry Gwyn Jeffreys. 1887 1915. British physicist who determined that the atomic number of an element can be deduced from the element s x ray spectrum. * * * … Universalium
Moseley , Henry Gwyn Jeffreys — (1887–1915) British physicist Moseley came from an academic family in Weymouth. He graduated in natural sciences from Oxford University in 1910 and then joined Ernest Rutherford at Manchester University to work on radioactivity, although he soon… … Scientists
Henry Gwyn Jeffreys Moseley — Henry Moseley Henry Moseley Henry Gwyn Jeffreys Moseley est un physicien britannique né le 23 novembre 1887 et décédé le 10 août 1915. Son père était le naturaliste Henry Nottidge Moseley. L ordre des éléments dans le tableau périodique a été… … Wikipédia en Français
Moseley, Henry Gwyn Jeffreys — ► (1887 1915) Físico británico. Estudió los espectros de difracción de rayos X. Utilizó sucesivamente cuarenta y dos elementos como blancos, sobre los que chocaban los electrones emitidos por el cátodo del tubo de vacío. Recogió su… … Enciclopedia Universal
Henry Gwyn Jeffreys Moseley — n. Henry Moseley (1887 1915), British physicist who deduced that the atomic number (number of protons within a nucleus) of an element can be determined from the element s x ray spectrum … English contemporary dictionary
Moseley — Henry Gwyn Jeffreys … Scientists
Moseley — Moseley, Henry Gwyn Jeffreys … Enciclopedia Universal
John Gwyn Jeffreys — (18 January 1809 ndash;21 January 1885) was a British conchologist and malacologist.He was born in Swansea into a propertied Welsh family. He went to London to qualify as a barrister, which he did. His greater passion however was for conchology.… … Wikipedia
Henry Moseley — Henry Gwyn Jeffreys Moseley (* 23. November 1887 in Weymouth, England; † 10. August 1915 in Gallipoli, Türkei) war ein britischer Physiker. Sein wichtigster wissenschaftlicher Beitrag war der Beweis der Richtigkeit des Konzeptes der Or … Deutsch Wikipedia
MOSELEY (H. G.-J.) — MOSELEY HENRY GWYN JEFFREYS (1887 1915) Physicien britannique, né à Weymouth, dans le Dorset, qui a démontré expérimentalement (par l’analyse des spectres de rayons X) que les propriétés physiques et chimiques des éléments sont déterminées par le … Encyclopédie Universelle
