Meier, Richard

▪ American architect

in full  Richard Alan Meier 

born Oct. 12, 1934, Newark, N.J., U.S.

      American architect noted for his refinements of and variations on classic Modernist principles: pure geometry, open space, and an emphasis on light.

      Meier graduated from Cornell University in Ithaca, N.Y. His early experience included work with the firm of Skidmore, Owings and Merrill in New York City and with Marcel Breuer (Breuer, Marcel), a noted exponent of the International Style of architecture. In 1963 Meier formed his own firm. Early on he received critical acclaim for the Smith House (1965–67) in Darien, Conn., the first of his so-called white buildings, which clearly built upon the pristine Modernism of Le Corbusier (Corbusier, Le)'s work in the 1920s and '30s. During this period he formed a loose association with a group of young architects, known as the “New York Five,” who advocated a return to Modernist, rational architecture. He received more attention for his Douglas House (1971–73), an archetypal example of his work, located in Harbor Springs, Mich. Like much of his work, it features intersecting planes, and, in its crisp geometric whiteness, it provides a sharp contrast to the natural setting that surrounds it.

      Building upon the success of his series of spectacular private residences, starting in the mid-1970s Meier began to receive large public commissions, including the Atheneum (1975–79) in New Harmony, Ind.; the Museum of Decorative Arts (1979–85) in Frankfurt am Main, Germany; the High Museum of Art (1980–83) in Atlanta, Ga.; the City Hall and Library (1986–95) in The Hague, Neth.; and the Museum of Contemporary Art (1987–95) in Barcelona, Spain. These structures are characterized by geometric clarity and order, which are often punctuated by curving ramps and railings, and by a contrast between the light-filled, transparent surfaces of public spaces and the solid white surfaces of interior, private spaces. Indeed, they all embody Meier's description of his goals: “I am expanding and elaborating on what I consider to be the formal base of the Modern movement.…I work with volume and surface, I manipulate forms in light, changes in scale and view, movement and stasis.” Although some critics have found these structures too austere and reminiscent of past architectural achievement, others have applauded their formal beauty and welcomed their purity in the midst of the often jumbled forms of postmodernist architecture.

 From 1985 to 1997 Meier focused much of his attention on the Getty Center in Los Angeles. Comprised of six principal buildings that house the Getty collection and educational facilities, the centre is built of honey-coloured travertine complemented by aluminum panels. The multiple purposes of the complex—from public galleries to private study rooms—gave Meier a chance to explore the contrast between public and private spaces as never before, and its positioning in the hills of Los Angeles allowed Meier an optimum opportunity to explore the effects of light. The structure has become a popular tourist destination. Another of Meier's Los Angeles projects is the Eli and Edythe Broad Art Center (completed 2008), the home of the visual arts program on the north campus of the University of California, Los Angeles.

      Meier received numerous awards from the American Institute of Architects (AIA) and other architectural associations. In 1984 he won the Pritzker Architecture Prize.

Additional Reading

Meier's career has been chronicled in a series of monographs, Joseph Rykwert and Kenneth Frampton, Richard Meier, Architect, 3 vol. (1984–99). Other monographs include Valérie Vaudou, Richard Meier (1986, reissued 1989), in French; and Philip Jodidio, Richard Meier (1995). Specific aspects of his oeuvre are examined in Ingeborg Flagge and Oliver Hamm (eds.), Richard Meier in Europe (1997); and Rizzoli International Publications, Richard Meier Houses, 1962/1967 (1996). Also important is the architect's memoir, Richard Meier, Building the Getty (1997, reissued 1999).

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