McCarey, Leo

▪ American director

in full  Thomas Leo McCarey 

born October 3, 1898, Los Angeles, Calif., U.S.

died July 5, 1969, Santa Monica, Calif.

      American movie director, writer, and producer who specialized in light comedy and nostalgia.

      McCarey graduated from the University of Southern California law school and practiced briefly before he broke into films in 1918 as assistant to director Tod Browning. He was hired by Hal Roach Studios as a director and comedy writer in 1923 and within two years was made a vice-president of the company. His most noted accomplishment during his tenure with Roach (Roach, Hal) was his inspired notion that Stan Laurel and Oliver Hardy (Laurel and Hardy)—two of the studio's top comic talents—should be made a permanent comedy team. The 19 films that Laurel and Hardy made under McCarey's supervision, including 3 that he directed, were essential in forming McCarey's comic sensibilities.

      After a series of unremarkable films made for Fox Studios (Twentieth Century-Fox Film Corporation) during the early 1930s, McCarey signed with Paramount Pictures (Paramount Pictures Corporation) in 1933. There he worked with some of the most renowned names in film comedy and honed his own freewheeling comic style based on improvisational techniques learned during his days with Laurel and Hardy. His first effort for Paramount was Duck Soup (1933), starring the Marx Brothers—a flop when released but now regarded as one of the greatest comedies of all time. McCarey also worked with W.C. Fields (Fields, W.C.) and George Burns and Gracie Allen (Burns, George) on Six of a Kind (1934) and with Mae West (West, Mae) on Belle of the Nineties (1934), which was West's final film before her screen image was tamed by the onset of the Production Code.

      It was not until Ruggles of Red Gap (1935) that McCarey directed a film bearing many of his trademarks: a comic sense that blended reality and farce, a glorification of the American character concurrent with a condemnation of American materialism and naïveté, a reflection of McCarey's own Roman Catholic values, and a warm sentimentality that usually transcended cloying sweetness. These traits are best seen in his most personal film, Make Way for Tomorrow (1937), a bittersweet indictment of America's mistreatment of the elderly, and a film that remained McCarey's own favourite among his works. In the same year McCarey also directed the classic Cary Grant (Grant, Cary)–Irene Dunne (Dunne, Irene) screwball comedy The Awful Truth, for which he won an Academy Award for best director. In accepting the Oscar, McCarey thanked the academy, but said “You've given me this for the wrong film.”

 McCarey's hugely popular romance Love Affair (1939) starring Charles Boyer (Boyer, Charles) and Irene Dunne, was followed by Once Upon a Honeymoon (1942), starring Cary Grant and Ginger Rogers (Rogers, Ginger), a film that is today regarded as an embarrassment for its almost lighthearted treatment of Nazism. In the mid-1940s McCarey made his two signature films, Going My Way (1944) and its sequel, The Bells of St. Mary's (1945), both starring Bing Crosby (Crosby, Bing) as Father Chuck O'Malley. Going My Way won seven Academy Awards: best picture, best director, best actor (Crosby), best supporting actor (Barry Fitzgerald), best song, best screenplay, and an additional Oscar for McCarey for best original story. The followup film received eight Oscar nominations, and, like its predecessor, was the top-grossing film of the year. It has often been observed that, in lesser hands, these two films would be unbearably saccharine; McCarey, however, skillfully balanced potentially maudlin moments with music and moments of low comedy, and he filmed scenes of sweetness and generosity with a calm, simple detachment devoid of manipulative tricks.

      McCarey's films that followed World War II bear a slightly cynical tone previously unseen in his work. Personal problems and a near-fatal auto accident combined to limit his output to five films during the last 15 years of his career. Good Sam (1948) seemed a poor imitation of a Frank Capra (Capra, Frank) film, My Son John (1952) is a much-reviled film that defends McCarthyism, the Paul Newman (Newman, Paul)–Joanne Woodward comedy Rally 'Round the Flag, Boys! (1958) was forgettable, and McCarey's final film, Satan Never Sleeps (1962), was another virulent anticommunist diatribe. Only with the Cary Grant–Deborah Kerr (Kerr, Deborah) melodrama An Affair to Remember (1957), a remake of his own Love Affair, did McCarey approach the success and quality of his earlier films.

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