Mawson, Sir Douglas

▪ Australian geologist and explorer

born May 5, 1882, Shipley, Yorkshire, Eng.

died Oct. 14, 1958, Adelaide, S. Aus., Australia

      Australian geologist and explorer whose travels in the Antarctic earned him worldwide acclaim.

      Mawson received a bachelor's degree in mining engineering from Sydney University in 1902, and his field investigations in the Broken Hill mining area of west-central New South Wales earned him a doctorate in science from the university in 1909. A member of the scientific staff of Sir Ernest Henry Shackleton's (Shackleton, Sir Ernest Henry) Antarctic Expedition (1907), Mawson, together with T.W.E. David, reached the south magnetic pole on the high ice plateau of Victoria Land on Jan. 16, 1909. The two men made this landmark journey by sledge. From 1911 to 1914 Mawson led the Australasian Antarctic Expedition and from 1929 to 1931 directed the combined British, Australian, and New Zealand Antarctic Expedition. His explorations enabled Australia to claim some 2,500,000 square miles (6,475,000 square km) of the Antarctic continent. For his achievements as an explorer and scientist, he was knighted in 1914. In addition to his other activities, Mawson edited and contributed to the 22-volume Reports of Australasian Antarctic Expeditions. Another of his most notable works was the book The Home of the Blizzard (1915).

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