Kuniyoshi, Yasuo

▪ American painter

born , September 1, 1893, Okayama, Japan

died May 14, 1953, Woodstock, New York, U.S.

      Japanese-born American painter who was an influential teacher and a leader of artists' organizations.

      Kuniyoshi went to the United States in 1906 and in 1907 began to study painting at the Los Angeles School of Art and Design. He moved to New York City in 1910 to attend the National Academy of Design and the Art Students League. In 1917 he befriended Hamilton Easter Field, a patron of modern art and the founder and editor of Arts magazine. With Field's support, Kuniyoshi began to explore his personal expression. His early drawings and paintings are imbued with naive fantasy and delightful humour, using plants and animals as subjects, and are reminiscent of the modernist work of Heinrich Campendonck and Marc Chagall (Chagall, Marc). During the 1920s and '30s, Kuniyoshi's reputation strengthened as solo exhibitions and awards mounted. In his mature work—which shows his indebtedness to Jules Pascin (Pascin, Jules)—moody, sensuous women figure predominantly, as in I'm Tired (1938). With the beginning of World War II, Kuniyoshi developed a deep social and political consciousness. He created his own pictorial symbols, rooted in Japanese pictorial tradition, to express his beliefs. He developed his palette over time from earthen tones to luminous pastel hues.

      In 1948 Kuniyoshi was the first living artist in the United States to be awarded a major retrospective at the Whitney Museum of American Art in New York. He was also the first president of the Artists Equity Association, and he taught at the Art Students League, at the New School for Social Research in New York, and at the artists' colony in Woodstock, New York.

Additional Reading

Lloyd Goodrich, Yasuo Kuniyoshi: Retrospective Exhibition (1948); Donald B. Goodall et al., Yasuo Kuniyoshi, 1889–1953: A Retrospective Exhibition (1975); Jane Myers and Tom Wolf, The Shores of a Dream: Yasuo Kuniyoshi's Early Work in America (1996).

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