Kahn, Reuben Leon

▪ American immunologist

born July 26, 1887, Kovno [now Kaunas], Lithuania

died July 22, 1979, Miami?, Fla., U.S.

      American immunologist best known for his investigations of blood reactions, which led him to develop an efficient test for syphilis.

      While serving with the U.S. Army (1917–19) and the Michigan State Department of Health (1920–28), Kahn found that, under carefully controlled conditions, the mixing of an infected blood sample, beef heart muscle serum, and a quantity of cholesterol would result in a clouding of the solution. Although this reaction, which came to be called the Kahn test, has been known to yield false-positive results in persons recently vaccinated or suffering from diseases other than syphilis, it has proved more useful than the slower Wassermann test.

      As an assistant professor of bacteriology at the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (1928–48), where he became professor of serology (1951–57, emeritus after 1957), Kahn found that, by adjusting the temperature, salt concentration, and serum dilution used in his test, the reaction could indicate the presence of the agents of tuberculosis, malaria, or leprosy in the blood sample. He explained the theory of his expanded test, which he called the universal serologic reaction (serological test), in An Introduction to Universal Serologic Reaction in Health and Disease (1951).

      In other studies, supported by the Atomic Energy Commission, Kahn investigated the effects of radiation on animal immunity to disease (1957–67). He found that radiation destroys (radiation injury) the localization of antibody reactions with foreign proteins. From 1968 to 1973 Kahn was professor of microbiology at Howard University medical school, Washington, D.C., after which he became a research consultant.

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