Johnson, Charles Spurgeon
- Johnson, Charles Spurgeon
-
▪ American sociologist and editor
born July 24, 1893, Bristol, Va., U.S.
died Oct. 27, 1956, Louisville, Ky.
U.S. sociologist, authority on race relations, and the first black president (1946–56) of Fisk University, Nashville, Tenn. (established in 1867 and long restricted to black students). Earlier he had founded and edited (1923–28) the intellectual magazine
Opportunity, a major voice of the
Harlem Renaissance of the 1920s.
After graduation from Virginia Union University, Richmond, Johnson studied under the sociologist Robert Ezra Park at the University of Chicago and then worked for the Chicago Commission on Race Relations (1919–21). His first important writing,
The Negro in Chicago (1922), was a sociological study of the race riot in that city in July 1919. His research technique, called “community self-survey of race relations,” facilitated the gathering of sociological data and interpretations from both blacks and whites. After directing research for the
National Urban League,
New York City, he served as chairman of the social sciences department at Fisk (1928–47). After World War II he helped to plan the reorganization of the Japanese educational system.
In Growing Up in the Black Belt (1941), Johnson denied the common assertion that U.S. race relations constitute a true caste system; he pointed out that the status of blacks in American society did not have universal acquiescence or a religious basis. Among his other books are The Negro in American Civilization (1930), The Negro College Graduate (1936), and Patterns of Negro Segregation (1943).
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Universalium.
2010.
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Harlem Renaissance — a renewal and flourishing of black literary and musical culture during the years after World War I in the Harlem section of New York City. Also called Black Renaissance. * * * or New Negro Movement Period of outstanding vigour and creativity… … Universalium
opportunity — /op euhr tooh ni tee, tyooh /, n., pl. opportunities. 1. an appropriate or favorable time or occasion: Their meeting afforded an opportunity to exchange views. 2. a situation or condition favorable for attainment of a goal. 3. a good position,… … Universalium
