Herschbach, Dudley R.

▪ American chemist and educator

in full  Dudley Robert Herschbach 

born June 18, 1932, San Jose, Calif., U.S.

      American chemist and educator who, with Yuan T. Lee and John C. Polanyi, was awarded the Nobel Prize for Chemistry in 1986 for his pioneering use of molecular beams (molecular beam) to analyze chemical reactions.

      Herschbach attended Stanford University (B.S., M.S.) and received his Ph.D. in chemical physics from Harvard University in 1958. He taught at the University of California at Berkeley from 1959 to 1963 and at Harvard University from 1963, becoming Baird professor of science there in 1976.

      In an attempt to discover in detail the changes that occur in chemical reactions (chemical reaction), Herschbach applied a technique that was then becoming popular in elementary particle physics—molecular beam scattering. He invented what is known as the “crossed molecular beam technique,” a technique in which beams of molecules are brought together at supersonic speed under carefully controlled conditions. This procedure enabled a detailed, molecule-by-molecule examination of the chemical reaction event.

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