Hatton, Sir Christopher

▪ English noble

born 1540, Holdenby, Northamptonshire, Eng.

died 1591, London

      favourite of Queen Elizabeth I and lord chancellor of England from 1587 to 1591.

      After spending several years in halfhearted study of the law, Hatton enrolled as one of the queen's bodyguards in 1564. Handsome and accomplished, he impressed the queen with his talent for dancing and quickly won her affection. There is no evidence that they were ever lovers, though Hatton was adept in the Renaissance conventions of courtly love. Hatton became captain of her bodyguards in 1572 and in 1577 vice chamberlain of her household, a privy councillor, and a knight. Regularly elected to Parliament from 1571, he became a leading spokesman for Elizabeth in the House of Commons. He accepted her Protestantism, but in foreign affairs he sided with the more vigorous anti-Spanish forces against the cautious policies of her principal secretary, William Cecil, Lord Burghley.

      Hatton played a prominent role in the examinations of various Catholic plotters against the queen, notably Anthony Babington in 1586. A commissioner for the trial of Elizabeth's prisoner Mary, Queen of Scots, in 1586, Hatton later prodded Elizabeth's secretary to dispatch the warrant for Mary's execution. The queen had signed the warrant but had been reluctant to take full responsibility for putting it into effect. Hatton strongly supported the archbishop of Canterbury, John Whitgift, in his actions against the Puritans, and Elizabeth's desire to have these two men work together may well explain Hatton's appointment as lord chancellor in 1587. Despite his lack of extensive legal knowledge, he handled this office competently. In 1588 he was made a Knight of the Garter and chancellor of Oxford University.

Additional Reading

Alice Gilmore Vines, Neither Fire Nor Steel: Sir Christopher Hatton (1978).

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