Guarantees, Law of

Guarantees, Law of

Italy [1871]
Italian  Legge Delle Guarentigie 

      (May 13, 1871), attempt by the Italian government to settle the question of its relationship with the pope, who had been deprived of his lands in central Italy in the process of national unification. The first section of the law sought to ensure the freedom of the pope to fulfill his spiritual functions despite the loss of his temporal power. It gave the pope special status as a sovereign person, assured him the right to receive ambassadors and to communicate freely with Roman Catholic bishops throughout the world, granted him a substantial annual income, and allowed him perpetual use of the Lateran and Vatican palaces in Rome and of the villa of Castel Gandolfo. The second section, dealing with church–state relations, was a compromise between Count Cavour's principle of a “free church in a free state” and the demands of the more radical left. Thus the state retained the power to prevent bishops from taking full control of their sees until their appointments had been approved by royal decree.

      The Law of Guarantees was one of the main issues that split the Right and the Left in the Chamber of Deputies (lower house of the legislature). The Right generally favoured the law as a way to reach a genuine reconciliation with the pope and to placate world public opinion. The liberal, anticlerical Left, however, opposed the concessions to the papacy and favoured the state's retaining a greater degree of control over ecclesiastical affairs in Italy.

      Pius IX (pope 1846–78) adamantly refused to accept the loss of his temporal power and rejected the Law of Guarantees, although he and his successors continued, in fact, to enjoy many of the privileges it granted. The popes were formally reconciled with Italy only with the Lateran Treaty of 1929, which specifically abrogated the Law of Guarantees.

* * *


Universalium. 2010.

Игры ⚽ Нужен реферат?

Look at other dictionaries:

  • Guarantees, Law of — • A law passed by the senate and chamber of the Italian parliament, 13 May, 1871, concerning the prerogatives of the Holy See, and the relations between State and Church in the Kingdom of Italy Catholic Encyclopedia. Kevin Knight. 2006 …   Catholic encyclopedia

  • guarantees — A guarantor undertakes that he will repay a debt incurred by another person or company to a bank or other creditor and the bank or other creditor can require him to pay the outstanding amount if that person cannot or will not pay their… …   Law dictionary

  • Law of Guarantees —     Law of Guarantees     † Catholic Encyclopedia ► Law of Guarantees     (LA LEGGE DELLE GUARENTIGIE)     A name given to the law passed by the senate and chamber of the Italian parliament, 13 May, 1871, concerning the prerogatives of the Holy… …   Catholic encyclopedia

  • Law reform — or Legal reform is the process of examining existing laws, and advocating and implementing changes in a legal system, usually with the aim of enhancing justice or efficiency. Intimately related are law reform bodies or law commissions, which are… …   Wikipedia

  • Law of Guarantees — After the overthrow of the Papal States in 1870, Italy s Law of Guarantees accorded the Pope certain honors and privileges similar to those enjoyed by the King of Italy, including the right to send and receive ambassadors who would have full… …   Wikipedia

  • Law, Crime, and Law Enforcement — ▪ 2006 Introduction Trials of former heads of state, U.S. Supreme Court rulings on eminent domain and the death penalty, and high profile cases against former executives of large corporations were leading legal and criminal issues in 2005.… …   Universalium

  • Uniform Rules for Demand Guarantees — (URDG) International An international set of rules governing the rights and obligations of parties under demand guarantees produced by the International Chamber of Commerce. The current version, URDG 458, will be succeeded by a new version, URDG… …   Law dictionary

  • Law of Nauru — Nauruan law, since Nauru s independence from Australia in 1968, is derived primarily from English and Australian common law, though it also integrates indigenous customary law to a limited extent. Nauruan common law is founded mainly on statute… …   Wikipedia

  • Law of Administration for the State of Iraq for the Transitional Period — The Law of Administration for the State of Iraq for the Transitional Period (also called the transitional administrative law or TAL), the Iraqi provisional constitution in the immediate postwar period, was signed on March 8, 2004 by the Iraqi… …   Wikipedia

  • cross guarantees — A bank lending to a group of companies is likely to want each company in the group to guarantee the indebtedness of each of the other companies. The bank can then treat the group as a single debtor. Easyform Glossary of Law Terms. UK law terms …   Law dictionary

Share the article and excerpts

Direct link
Do a right-click on the link above
and select “Copy Link”