Greene, Belle da Costa

▪ American librarian and bibliographer

born Dec. 13, 1883, Alexandria, Va., U.S.

died May 10, 1950, New York, N.Y.

 American librarian and bibliographer, the moving force in organizing and expanding the collection of J.P. Morgan as the Morgan Library.

      Greene grew up in Alexandria and in Princeton, New Jersey, after the separation of her parents. Unable to afford college, she went from public school into a job at the Princeton University library. She soon mastered cataloging, served in the reference department, and became deeply interested in the library's rare-book collection. This interest brought her to the attention of J. Pierpont Morgan (Morgan, John Pierpont), whose large and haphazard collection of early books and manuscripts was about to be placed in its own building in New York City. From 1905 to 1908 Greene worked to bring order to Morgan's great collection. Her ability and her forthright personality led Morgan to place increasing trust in her judgment, and from 1908 she was traveling regularly to Europe as his agent, seeking out and purchasing additions to the Morgan Library collection. She worked indefatigably on these trips to increase her own knowledge of books and manuscripts, a pursuit in which she profited greatly by the tutelage of Sydney Cockrell of the Fitzwilliam Museum in Cambridge, England, and later that of Bernard Berenson (Berenson, Bernard) in Italy. She became a well-known and respected figure to the leading libraries, galleries, and dealers in Europe.

      The death of Morgan in 1913 left Greene for a time in an uncertain position, for J.P. Morgan, Jr. (Morgan, John Pierpont, Jr.), had shown little interest in his father's collection. World War I interrupted her worries, however, and she threw herself wholeheartedly into war work. By 1920 the younger Morgan had discovered an interest in the library, and Greene resumed her European researches. In 1924 Morgan transformed the library into an incorporated and endowed educational institution and named Greene director. She held the post for 24 years, during which she made it a world centre for scholarly research. Photographic and information services, together with programs of lectures and publications, were soon established. She had a genius for friendship as well as for scholarly bibliography, and the two qualities dovetailed in her work for the library. Her European trips continued until 1936; declining health marked the years from then until her retirement in 1948. In 1949 an exhibition was mounted at the Morgan Library in her honour.

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