Gardner, Isabella Stewart

▪ American arts patron

née  Isabella Stewart 

born April 14, 1840, New York, New York, U.S.

died July 17, 1924, Boston, Massachusetts

      eclectic American socialite and art collector, a patron of many arts, remembered largely for the distinctive collection of European and Asian artworks that she assembled in Boston.

      Isabella Stewart was the daughter of a wealthy businessman. In 1860 she married John L. Gardner, a member of a prominent and long-established Boston family. She adopted his city as her own, but Boston's Brahmin society failed to reciprocate this openness. Her household was a quiet one until the 1870s, when, after a bout of illness and despondency and an exhilarating European convalescence, she began arranging social affairs that dazzled and occasionally titillated conservative Boston. A brilliant and unconventional woman, she attracted musicians, artists, and actors, and she came close to scandalizing Boston society by attending boxing matches. She became known as a patron of the Boston Symphony (Boston Symphony Orchestra) and of countless music students, for whom she once arranged a private recital by the pianist Ignacy Paderewski (Paderewski, Ignacy Jan). She also developed a deep interest in the visual arts.

      Advised by art critic Bernard Berenson (Berenson, Bernard), her one-time protégé, Gardner began collecting paintings and objets d'art and with her husband made numerous trips to Europe and Asia to add to her collection. After her husband's death in 1898 she continued her interest in art, eventually assembling a fine collection of Renaissance and Dutch masterpieces interspersed with sculpture, Asian art, and major works by contemporaries such as John Singer Sargent (Sargent, John Singer) and James McNeill Whistler (Whistler, James McNeill).

      In 1899 she began to build a gallery in the form of an imitation 15th-century Italian villa on Fenway Court in Boston. She took an active part in the design and even the construction of the building, in which she arranged her art collection along with personal memorabilia. Opened to the public in January 1903, it was a fitting monument to one of the most exceptional women of the time. In accordance with her will, the Isabella Stewart Gardner Museum (Gardner Museum) was given to Boston as a public institution, with the proviso that the collection be maintained precisely as she had arranged it—nothing was to be added, removed, or rearranged.

Additional Reading

Morris Carter, Isabella Stewart Gardner and Fenway Court, 3rd ed. (1972); Louise Hall Tharp, Mrs. Jack: A Biography of Isabella Stewart Gardner (1965; reprinted 1984); Hilliard T. Goldfarb, The Isabella Stewart Gardner Museum: A Companion Guide and History (1995); Douglass Shand-Tucci, The Art of Scandal: The Life and Times of Isabella Stewart Gardner (1997).

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