Delany, Samuel R.

▪ American author and critic

in full  Samuel Ray Delany, Jr.  

born April 1, 1942, New York, N.Y., U.S.

      American science-fiction novelist and critic whose highly imaginative works address sexual, racial, and social issues, heroic quests, and the nature of language.

      Delany attended City College of New York (now City University of New York) in the early 1960s. His first novel, The Jewels of Aptor, was published in 1962. Babel-17 (1966), the story of an artist-outsider, explores the nature of language and its ability to give structure to experience. Delany won the science-fiction Nebula Award for this book, which established his reputation, and for The Einstein Intersection (1967), which features a similar protagonist and addresses issues of cultural development and sexual identity, a theme more fully developed in the author's later works.

      Dhalgren (1975) is the story of a young bisexual man searching for identity in a large decaying city. In Triton (1976), in which the main character undergoes a sex-change operation, Delany examines bias against women and homosexuals. Delany's Nèverÿon series (Tales of Nevèrÿon [1979]; Neveryóna; or, The Tale of Signs and Cities [1983]; Flight from Nevèrÿon [1985]; and The Bridge of Lost Desire [1987]) is set in a magical past at the beginning of civilization. These tales concern power and its abuse while taking up contemporary themes (including such topics as AIDS). His complex Stars in My Pocket Like Grains of Sand (1984) was regarded by critics as a stylistic breakthrough. He also wrote the novella Time Considered as a Helix of Semi-precious Stones (1969) and the autobiographical Atlantis: Three Tales (1995), a collection of novellas recounting the experiences of young African American artists.

      Other autobiographical books include The Motion of Light in Water: Sex and Science Fiction Writing in the East Village, 1957–1965 (1988), about his childhood and the beginning of his writing career, and Bread & Wine: An Erotic Tale of New York (1999), a memoir in graphic-novel format about his relationship with a white homeless man. In 2000 Delany published 1984: Selected Letters, a collection of correspondence with a friend in which he writes about his personal life and on such diverse topics as the Internal Revenue Service and AIDS. His subsequent novels include Dark Reflections (2007), which portrays the lackluster life of an aging gay African American poet.

      Delany's works on writing include The Jewel-Hinged Jaw: Notes on the Language of Science Fiction (1977), a groundbreaking critical analysis of science fiction, and About Writing: Seven Essays, Four Letters, and Five Interviews (2005). Times Square Red, Times Square Blue (1999) presents Delany's argument against the gentrification of Times Square in New York City.

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