Daniel, Yuli Markovich

Daniel, Yuli Markovich

▪ Russian writer
pseudonym  Nikolai Arzhak  
born 1925, Moscow, Russia, U.S.S.R.
died Dec. 30, 1988, Moscow

      Soviet poet and short-story writer who was convicted with fellow writer Andrey D. Sinyavsky of anti-Soviet slander in a sensational 1966 trial that marked the beginning of literary repression under Leonid I. Brezhnev, general secretary of the Communist Party.

      After being seriously wounded in World War II while serving in the Soviet army (1943–44), Daniel attended Kharkov University (1946) and graduated from Moscow Province Teachers' Training College (1951). He taught Russian literature in Lyudinovo (1951–53) and Moscow (1953–57) and worked as a translator in an effort to create a unified body of literature from the languages of the various Soviet nationalities. During this time, he smuggled several anti-Stalinist short stories to Paris, where they were published under the pseudonym Nikolai Arzhak as Govorit Moskva (1962; This Is Moscow Speaking, and Other Stories). In the title story, “This Is Moscow Speaking,” the Soviet government declares murder legal on “Public Murder Day”—a day which passes uneventfully, underscoring the apathy and passivity of the Soviet citizenry.

      Daniel was arrested in September 1965, less than a year after Brezhnev's rise to power. At Daniel and Sinyavsky's four-day joint trial, which was closed to the public, no evidence was allowed on their behalf; dozens of Soviet and Western writers protested the convictions. After serving five years of hard labour (1966–70), he worked as a translator in Kaluga and Moscow and published Prison Poems (1971). In July 1988, in the new spirit of glasnost (openness), several of his poems were published in the Soviet Union for the first time.

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