Court, Antoine

▪ French minister

born March 17, 1695, Villeneuve-de-Berg, Fr.

died June 12, 1760, Lausanne, Switz.

      minister and itinerant preacher in the Reformed church who restored Protestantism to France after a period of persecution begun by King Louis XIV's revocation of the Edict of Nantes in 1685, which had guaranteed the religious and civil liberties of Protestants.

      By 1700 the Reformed church (Reformed Church of France) was in chaos, its ministers exiled or dead and its leaderless membership becoming increasingly unorthodox and disorganized. At the age of 20, Court devoted himself to reviving the discipline and doctrines of the Reformed church, beginning with a small gathering at Monoblet, Gard province, in 1715. This provincial synod, the first in the French Reformed church since 1685, sought the reestablishment of old congregations, their supervision by elected elders, the provision of refuge for persecuted ministers, and the collection of money for prisoners and the poor. To restore discipline, the synod also decreed that women must not preach, that Scripture must be the only rule of faith, and that aid could not be given those who carelessly courted danger. Ordained in 1718 by his coadjutor, Pierre Corteiz, Court helped found other synods and trained young ministers.

      After 1724 increased activity brought renewed persecution, and Court withdrew temporarily to Switzerland several times. Eventually settling at Lausanne, he founded and directed a seminary there for training ministers for the “Church of the Desert,” as he termed the Reformed church in France. He wrote Histoire des troubles des Cevennes ou de la guerre des Camisars (1760; “The History of the Troubles of the Cevennes, or the War of the Camisars”) and left numerous materials in manuscript, preserved in the Geneva public library.

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