costumbrismo

▪ art

      (from Spanish costumbre, “custom”), a trend in Spanish literature that emphasized the depiction of the everyday manners and customs of a particular social or provincial milieu. Although the origins of costumbrismo go back to the Golden Age of Spanish literature in the 16th and 17th centuries, it grew into a major force in the first half of the 19th century, first in verse and then in prose sketches called cuadros de costumbres (“scenes of customs”) that stressed detailed descriptions of typical regional characters and social conduct, often with a satirical or philosophical intent.

      Among early costumbristas were Mariano José de Larra and Ramón de Mesonero Romanos, both of whom wrote about Madrid, and Serafín Estébanez Calderón (Estébanez Calderón, Serafín), who wrote about Andalusia. Significant costumbrista writers of the last half of the 19th century included Fernán Caballero (Caballero, Fernán) and Pedro Antonio de Alarcón, both of whom wrote novels set in Andalusia, and José María de Pereda (Pereda, José María de), who wrote about the mountainous region of northern Castile.

      Costumbrismo's lasting importance lies in its influence on the development of the regional novel in Spain and Latin America.

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