Cone sisters

▪ American art collectors

      American art collectors who assembled an exceptional collection of art. Through their judicious purchase of works of art by artists living in Paris, as well as lesser-known artists in the United States, Claribel Cone (b. Nov. 14, 1864, Jonesboro, Tenn., U.S.—d. Sept. 20, 1929, Lausanne, Switz.) and Etta Cone (b. Nov. 30, 1870, Jonesboro, Tenn., U.S.—d. Aug. 31, 1949, Blowing Rock, N.C.) helped to establish a major art collection in Maryland.

      Daughters of German immigrant parents, the Cone sisters grew up in Baltimore, Md. Claribel attended the Woman's Medical College of Baltimore, graduated in 1890, and interned at the Blockley Hospital for the Insane in Philadelphia. After she returned to Baltimore, she took some advanced training at the new Johns Hopkins University Medical School. From 1894 to 1903 she carried on research under William H. Welch at Johns Hopkins and taught pathology at the Woman's Medical College.

      In the 1890s Claribel and Etta together developed an informal salon where musicians, artists, intellectuals, and professional people enjoyed Claribel's unconventionality and taste in antiques and Etta's cuisine. Etta, shy and retiring, had pronounced taste in art and, perhaps through contact with Leo and Gertrude Stein (Stein, Gertrude), became interested in the French Impressionists (Impressionism) and began buying paintings in 1896. From 1902—by which time Etta and Claribel's parents had died and left the daughters a handsome income—both sisters were ardent collectors and spent increasing amounts of time in Europe. During their visits to the Steins' Paris apartment, the Cones came into contact with contemporary art and artists; the sisters bought their first work by Pablo Picasso (Picasso, Pablo) in 1905 and one by Henri Matisse (Matisse, Henri) in 1906.

      The closing of the Woman's Medical College in 1910 ended Claribel's medical career. She was in Munich, Ger., in August 1914, when World War I broke out, and she chose to remain there for the duration of the war. On her return to Baltimore in 1921, she rented a large apartment in the same building where she and Etta lived and arranged it as a private museum for their growing collection. Set off by Renaissance textiles and furniture, the collection of paintings eventually included works by Pierre-Auguste Renoir (Renoir, Pierre-Auguste), Édouard Manet (Manet, Édouard), Paul Cézanne (Cézanne, Paul), Edgar Degas (Degas, Edgar), and Pierre Bonnard (Bonnard, Pierre) and a large number by Matisse. Claribel died suddenly in 1929, leaving the entire collection in Etta's possession. Etta continued her quiet life, summering in Europe, especially in Italy, and wintering in Baltimore, where she cared for the museum and occasionally opened it for small showings or concerts. Upon Etta's death, the outstanding Cone collection went to the Baltimore Museum of Art.

Additional Reading

Barbara Pollack, The Collectors: Dr. Claribel and Miss Etta Cone (1962); Brenda Richardson and William C. Ameringer, Dr. Claribel & Miss Etta: The Cone Collection of the Baltimore Museum of Art (1985); Mary Gabriel, The Art of Acquiring: A Portrait of Etta and Claribel Cone (2002).

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