Chausson, Ernest

▪ French composer

in full  Amédée-Ernest Chausson 

born Jan. 21, 1855, Paris, France

died June 10, 1899, Limay

      composer whose small body of compositions has given him high rank among French composers of the late 19th century.

      After obtaining a doctorate degree in law, Chausson entered the Paris Conservatory in 1879 for a course of study with Jules Massenet (Massenet, Jules) and César Franck (Franck, César). At this time he also began visiting Munich and Bayreuth, where he saw Richard Wagner's operas Der fliegende Holländer (1843; The Flying Dutchman), Tristan und Isolde (1865), and in 1882, the premiere of Parsifal. These encounters with the works of Wagner greatly expanded his musical universe, until then confined largely to French operatic and sacred styles.

      For the remainder of his life Chausson quietly cultivated his art as a composer, supported by a modest inheritance. Determined to counter any imputations of amateurism, he laboured persistently over his scores and presided over a salon where professional musicians of many sorts could be found, including the young composers Claude Debussy (Debussy, Claude) and Isaac Albéniz (Albéniz, Isaac), pianist Alfred-Denis Cortot (Cortot, Alfred-Denis), and violinist Eugène Ysaÿe (Ysaÿe, Eugène). Eager to promote French music, he served for several years as secretary of the Société Nationale de Musique, while also offering enthusiastic support to younger French composers.

      As a true member of the Franck circle, Chausson cultivated a style that became dramatic and richly chromatic, while also maintaining a certain reserve that was an enduring feature of French taste. This can be seen in his large-scale productions, such as the Poème de l'amour et de la mer for solo voice and orchestra (1882–90; revised 1893), the Poème for solo violin and orchestra (1896), and his Symphony in B-flat Major (1889–90). For his opera Le Roi Arthus (1895; first performed 1903), Chausson, in Wagnerian fashion, composed his own libretto and incorporated a system of leit-motifs.

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