Charpak, Georges

Charpak, Georges

▪ French physicist
born Aug. 1, 1924, Poland

      Polish-born French physicist, winner of the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1992 for his invention of subatomic particle detectors, in particular the multiwire proportional chamber.

      Charpak's family moved from Poland to Paris when he was seven years old. During World War II Charpak served in the resistance and was imprisoned by Vichy authorities in 1943. In 1944 he was deported to the Nazi concentration camp at Dachau, where he remained until the camp was liberated in 1945. Charpak became a French citizen in 1946. He received his doctorate in 1955 from the Collège de France, Paris, where he worked in the laboratory of Frédéric Joliot-Curie. In 1959 he joined the staff of CERN (European Organization for Nuclear Research) in Geneva and in 1984 also became Joliot-Curie professor at the School of Advanced Studies in Physics and Chemistry, Paris. He was made a member of the French Academy of Science in 1985.

      Charpak built the first multiwire proportional chamber in 1968. Unlike earlier detectors, such as the bubble chamber, which can record the tracks left by particles at the rate of only one or two per second, the multiwire chamber records up to one million tracks per second and sends the data directly to a computer for analysis. The speed and precision of the multiwire chamber and its descendants, the drift chamber and the time projection chamber, revolutionized high-energy physics. Samuel Ting's discovery of the J/psi particle and Carlo Rubbia's discovery of the W and Z particles, which won Nobel Prizes in 1976 and 1984, respectively, involved the use of multiwire chambers; and by the 1990s such detectors were at the heart of almost every experiment in particle physics. Charpak's chamber also has applications in medicine, biology, and industry.

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Universalium. 2010.

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  • CHARPAK, GEORGES — (1924– ), French physicist and Nobel Prize laureate. Born in Dabrovica, Poland, Charpak came to France with his parents when he was seven years old. A member of the Resistance in World War II, he was imprisoned by the Vichy authorities in 1943… …   Encyclopedia of Judaism

  • Charpak , Georges — (1924–) French physicist Charpak, who was born in Dabrovica, Poland, was educated at the Ecole des Mines, Paris. He was imprisoned at Dachau from 1943 until 1945. He then worked in France on nuclear research, mainly at the Centre National de la… …   Scientists

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  • Charpak — Georges Charpak (* 1. August 1924 in Dabrovica, Polen, heute Ukraine) ist ein französischer Physiker polnischer Herkunft. 1943 wurde Charpak ins KZ Dachau verschleppt, wo er bis zur Befreiung 1945 gefangen war. 1946 nahm er die französische… …   Deutsch Wikipedia

  • CHARPAK (G.) — CHARPAK GEORGES (1924 ) Physicien français, né à Dabrovica (Pologne), lauréat du prix Nobel de physique 1992 pour ses travaux sur les détecteurs de particules élémentaires, notamment de la chambre proportionnelle multifils. La famille Charpak… …   Encyclopédie Universelle

  • Georges Charpak — (2005) Georges Charpak (* 1. August 1924 in Dąbrowica, Polen, heute Ukraine; † 29. September 2010 in Paris[1]), war ein französischer …   Deutsch Wikipedia

  • Charpak —   [ xarpak, französisch ʃar pak], Georges, französischer Physiker polnischer Herkunft, * Dąbrowica (heute Dubrowiza [Ukraine]) 1. 8. 1924; zwischen 1943 und 1945 im Konzentrationslager Dachau; von 1947 bis 1959 am nationalen französischen… …   Universal-Lexikon

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