Chapman, John Jay

▪ American writer

born March 2, 1862, New York, New York, U.S.

died November 4, 1933, Poughkeepsie, New York

      American poet, dramatist, and critic who attacked the get-rich-quick morality of the post-Civil War “Gilded Age” in political action and in his writings. Ancestors on both sides of his family had distinguished themselves in antislavery and other causes, and he sought to continue that tradition among the upper middle classes, whose integrity he felt had been eroded by the upsurge of big business.

      Chapman's father was a Wall Street executive who was for a time president of the New York Stock Exchange. At age 14 Chapman went to St. Paul's School, Concord, New Hampshire, but he broke down physically and mentally and returned home to complete his preparatory education with tutors. After graduating from Harvard in 1885, he traveled in Europe and then returned to Harvard Law School. In 1887 he assaulted a man for his supposed insulting attentions to the woman who later became Chapman's wife. In remorse Chapman plunged his left hand into a fire and injured it so severely that it had to be amputated.

      Admitted to the New York bar in 1888, Chapman practiced for 10 years, meanwhile becoming a leading reformer as president of the Good Government Club and editor and publisher of the periodical The Political Nursery (1897–1901), taking a leading part in the movement in New York City against the machine politics of Tammany Hall. Out of these activities came two books—Causes and Consequences (1898) and Practical Agitation (1900). Both stressed his belief that individuals should take a moral stand on issues troubling the nation.

      Chapman had a nervous breakdown in 1901 and for several years wrote little other than plays for children. A play for adults, The Treason and Death of Benedict Arnold (published 1910), marked his return to vigorous intellectual activity. In 1912, on the first anniversary of the lynching of a black man in Coatesville, Pennsylvania, Chapman hired a hall there and held a memorial service with only two others present. The speech he made, burning with indignation, which became a classic, appeared in Harper's Weekly (September 21, 1912) and in his book of essays Memories and Milestones (1915).

      In all, Chapman wrote some 25 books, including a biography of William Lloyd Garrison (Garrison, William Lloyd), the abolitionist leader (1913); collected Songs and Poems (1919); and volumes of criticism such as Emerson, and Other Essays (1898), Greek Genius, and Other Essays (1915), and A Glance Toward Shakespeare (1922). His fear that the quality of education in the United States was being destroyed by its excessive scale and its servitude to the needs of business was expressed in his New Horizons in American Life (1932).

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