Châlons-en-Champagne

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formerly (until 1997)  Châlons-sur-Marne 

      town, capital of Marne département, Champagne-Ardenne région, northeastern France. It lies along the right bank of the Marne River, in the heart of the rolling Champagne country. Small branches of the Marne River flow through the town. Chief town of a Gallic tribe, the Catalauni, it was called Durocatalaunum by the Romans. At the Battle of the Catalaunian Plains (AD 451), which took place somewhere nearby, a mixed force of Romans and Visigoths defeated Attila and stopped the advance of the Huns in Europe. In the 10th century the town attained great prosperity under its bishops, who were ecclesiastical peers of France. The local militia served at the Battle of Bouvines (1214), and Châlons's citizens twice repelled the English from their walls in the 15th century. During the Wars of Religion, the town sided with Henry IV, who transferred the Parliament of Paris to Châlons in 1589.

      The Châlons military camp, 16 miles (26 km) north, was founded under Napoleon III in 1856. Occupied by the Germans from 1940 to 1944 in World War II, the town was heavily bombed in April and July of 1944. The 13th-century cathedral of Saint-Étienne suffered some damage then but has been restored. The cathedral has a 17th-century west facade, fine 13th-century stained-glass windows, and a remarkable main altar. The collegiate church of Notre-Dame-en-Vaux (12th century) is a mixture of Gothic and Romanesque styles and has stained-glass windows dating from 1525 and 1526, a Gothic choir, and a carillon of 56 bells. Stained-glass windows are also a feature of the churches of Saint-Alpin and Saint-Jean-Baptiste. Near the town hall is a 13th-century house containing manuscripts from the 12th to the 15th century and incunabula.

      Châlons is an important local administrative and commercial centre and has an outpost of the University of Reims. It also has a well-established industrial sector that includes the manufacture of electrical and mechanical machinery, automotive parts, and detergents. Pop. (2004 est.) 45,400.

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