Cernuda, Luis

▪ Spanish poet and critic

in full  Luis Cernuda y Bidón  

born September 21, 1902, Sevilla, Spain

died November 5, 1963, Mexico City, Mexico

      Spanish poet and critic, a member of the Generation of 1927, whose work expresses the gulf between what is wished and what can be attained.

      In 1925 Cernuda received a law degree from the University of Sevilla (Seville) and published several poems. In 1927 some of his poems were read at the tercentenary of Luis de Góngora, and his collection Perfil del aire (“Profile of the Wind”) was published. Later collections of poems, notably Los placeres prohibidos (1931; “Forbidden Pleasures”), were influenced by Surrealism and indicate an increasing bitterness toward life—influenced by facing his homosexual orientation. All of his poems were collected in La realidad y el deseo (“Reality and Desire”), which was frequently expanded and reissued.

      A supporter of the Spanish Republic, Cernuda toured Britain for it in 1938 and, after the republic's fall, became a professor in Britain. From 1947 to 1952 he taught at Mount Holyoke College in the United States. He visited Mexico in 1951 and settled there in 1952. He published criticism of earlier poets and collections of poems using classical and Mexican myths for reference. All of his poems appeared in the final edition of Realidad y deseo, published posthumously in 1964. An English-language anthology of his work, The Poetry of Luis Cernuda, was published in 1971.

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