Burgess, Guy

▪ British diplomat and spy

born 1911, Devonport, Devon, Eng.

died Aug. 30, 1963, Moscow, Russia, U.S.S.R.

      British diplomat who spied for the Soviet Union in World War II and early in the Cold War period.

      At the University of Cambridge in the 1930s, Burgess was part of a group of upper-middle-class students—including Donald Maclean (Maclean, Donald), Kim Philby (Philby, Kim), and Anthony Blunt (Blunt, Anthony)—who disagreed with the notion of a capitalist democracy. These men were recruited by Soviet intelligence operatives to become secret agents, and Burgess began supplying information from his posts as a BBC (British Broadcasting Corporation) correspondent from 1936 to 1938, a member of the MI6 intelligence agency from 1938 to 1941, and a member of the British Foreign Office from 1944.

      In 1951 Burgess was recalled from his post as second secretary of the British embassy in Washington, D.C. He was about to be dismissed from the Foreign Service when he learned in May of that year that a counterintelligence investigation by British and U.S. agencies was closing in on his Cambridge colleague Maclean. To avoid prosecution, both men fled England; their whereabouts remained unknown until 1956, when they held a press conference to announce that they were living as communists in Moscow. In 1963 they were joined by Philby, another Cambridge and Foreign Office colleague, who, it was revealed, had given them the warning in 1951. That same year, Burgess died of a heart attack. It was disclosed in 1979 that the “fourth man” in this spy ring was former Cambridge colleague Blunt, a respected art historian and member of the queen's household, and that he had contacted Soviet agents to arrange for Burgess and Maclean's escape from England.

* * *