Brühl, Heinrich, Graf von

▪ prime minister of Saxony

born August 13, 1700, Gangloffsömmern, Thuringia [Germany]

died October 28, 1763, Dresden, Saxony

 prime minister and virtual ruler of electoral Saxony, who unsuccessfully attempted to strengthen the state, the rulers of which were also kings of Poland, by making the Polish crown hereditary and by acquiring a land corridor linking Poland with Saxony.

      Rising rapidly under Augustus II the Strong, king of Poland, Brühl held a number of high offices under the Saxon elector Frederick Augustus II (Augustus III of Poland). In 1746 Brühl was appointed prime minister, a post until then unknown in Saxony. His wealth and extravagance caused many charges of corruption.

      Brühl failed in both his dynastic and territorial ambitions. The first collapsed before the opposition of the Polish aristocracy, and the second involved Saxony in a series of wars that nearly exhausted the state. As his price for agreeing to the Pragmatic Sanction, which provided for the succession to the Austrian throne, he demanded part of Silesia in order to gain the desired land corridor. Failing to obtain this concession, Saxony sided with Prussia against Austria at the onset of the War of the Austrian Succession (1740–48).

      When Frederick II the Great triumphed and annexed Silesia himself (1742), Brühl recognized that his policies could succeed only if Prussia were defeated. Consequently, he tried to reconcile Austria and France, two traditional enemies, initiating a process that resulted in the reversal of alliances (1756) and that set the stage for the Seven Years' War (1756–63), in which Saxony was still unsuccessful in its struggle against Prussia. Brühl and his sovereign were forced to flee to Warsaw; both returned to Dresden in 1763.

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