Atlanta Braves

▪ American baseball team

 American professional baseball team based in Atlanta. The team is the only existing major league franchise to have played every season since professional baseball came into existence. They have won three World Series titles (1914, 1957, 1995) and 17 National League (NL) pennants.

      The franchise was founded by Ivers Whitney Adams in 1871 as the Boston Red Stockings, one of nine charter members of the National Association of Professional Baseball Players, the forerunner of the NL. During its 82-year stay in Boston, the team was known by various nicknames, including Red Stockings, Red Caps, Rustlers, and Bees, finally settling on Braves. While in Boston, the team won 4 National Association pennants (1872–75), 10 NL pennants, and a memorable World Series championship in 1914 that came after a season in which the Braves were in last place as late as July 15—a turnaround that led to the nickname “Miracle Braves.” In 1948 the Braves reached the World Series largely as a result of their two dominant pitchers, Warren Spahn (Spahn, Warren) and Johnny Spain, who inspired the slogan “Spahn and Spain and pray for rain.”

      After losing many of their fans to Boston's American League team (Red Sox) by the early 1950s, owing in part to the Braves posting a losing record in all but 12 of the 38 seasons since their World Series win, the franchise moved to Milwaukee, Wis., in 1953. Playing in Milwaukee County Stadium, the restructured team quickly improved, winning two pennants (1957, 1958) and a World Series (1957), behind the hitting of Hank Aaron (Aaron, Hank) and Eddie Matthews and the pitching of Spahn and Lew Burdette. The Braves finished with a winning record in each of their 13 seasons in Milwaukee, but their success could not prevent a precipitous decline in ballpark attendance in the 1960s, which led to the team moving to Atlanta after the 1965 season.

      After suffering through many dreadful seasons and only making the play-offs twice (1969, 1982) in its first 25 seasons in Atlanta, the team was revitalized in the 1990s under the leadership of general manager John Schuerholz and manager Bobby Cox. This new Braves team was led by the young pitching trio of Greg Maddux, Tom Glavine (Glavine, Tom), and John Smoltz—each of whom won at least one Cy Young Award with the Braves—and hitters such as David Justice and Chipper Jones. During the 1990s and early 2000s, the Braves had one of the most remarkable runs in U.S. sports history, winning an unprecedented 14 consecutive division titles from 1991 to 2005 (with the exception of the 1994 season, which was not finished owing to a labour dispute), playing in the World Series five times in the 1990s, and winning the organization's third World Series championship in 1995.

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