Argens, Jean-Baptiste de Boyer, marquis d'

▪ French author

born June 27, 1703, Aix-en-Provence, France

died January 12, 1771, Toulon

 French writer who helped disseminate the skeptical ideas of the Enlightenment by addressing his polemical writings on philosophy, religion, and history to a popular readership. Argens's writings simplified the unorthodox empirical reasoning of such Philosophes as Pierre Bayle, Bernard de Fontenelle, and Voltaire; the latter considered him an ally.

      Of an aristocratic Catholic family, he led a life of dissipation in his youth. He joined the army and then eloped to Spain; at one time he attempted suicide. He spent 25 years in the court of Frederick the Great as chamberlain, producing 18 volumes of letters, Correspondance philosophique. As a freethinker, he challenged authoritarian religion and scholasticism, relying on empirical reason and personal ethics. His Lettres juives (1738; “Jewish Letters”), Lettres cabalistiques (1741; “Cabalistic Letters”), and Lettres chinoises (1739–40; “Chinese Letters”) are patterned after Montesquieu's Lettres persanes.

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