Andō Tadao

▪ Japanese architect

born September 13, 1941, Ōsaka, Japan

      one of Japan's leading contemporary architects. He is best known for his minimalist (minimalism) concrete buildings.

      Andō had various careers, from carpenter's apprentice to professional boxer, before he became a self-taught architect and opened his own practice in Ōsaka in 1969. In the 1970s and '80s, he executed a series of mostly small-scale, often residential buildings in Japan such as the Azuma House (1975–76) in Ōsaka and the Koshino House (1979–81) in Ashiya. In these early commissions, he used beautifully detailed reinforced concrete walls, a form that gave his buildings a massive, minimalist appearance and simple, contemplative interior spaces. These works established the aesthetic Andō would continue throughout his career: essentially Modernist, coming out of the tradition of Le Corbusier (Corbusier, Le)'s experiments with concrete, his work is also rooted in the spirituality of Japanese architectural space. Andō's structures were often in harmony with their natural environments, taking advantage of natural light in a dramatically expressive way. In his Church of Light (1989–90) in the Ōsaka suburb of Ibaraki, for example, a cruciform shape is cut out of the concrete wall behind the altar; when daylight hits the outside of this wall, a cross of light is generated within the interior.

      As his reputation spread, Andō received a number of commissions outside Japan that allowed him to continue his aesthetic in more public spaces. Important works include the Japanese Pavilion (1992) at Expo '92 in Sevilla, Spain; the UNESCO Meditation Space (1996) in Paris; the Giorgio Armani Theatre (2001) in Milan; and the Modern Art Museum (1997–2003) in Fort Worth, Texas. In many of these commissions, Andō moved away from the rigid geometry of his earlier work and toward more contoured lines, as seen in the undulating concrete curve of his Armani Theatre.

      Andō's consistent aesthetic has won him numerous international awards, including the Carlsberg Architectural Prize (1992), the Pritzker Prize (1995), and gold medals from both the Royal Institute of British Architects (1997) and the American Institute of Architects (2002). In 1996 he also received the Praemium Imperiale prize for architecture, one of the six categories of global arts prizes awarded annually by the Japan Arts Association.

Additional Reading

Francesco Dal Co (ed.), Tadao Ando: Complete Works, trans. from the Italian by Thomas Muirhead (1995, reissued 1997); Richard Pare, The Colours of Light (1996, reissued as The Colours of Light: Tadao Ando Architecture, 2000); Tadao Ando, Tadao Ando: Light and Water (2003); and Philip Jodidio (ed.), Ando: Complete Works (2004).

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