Almond, Gabriel Abraham

▪ American political scientist

born January 12, 1911, Rock Island, Illinois, U.S.

died December 25, 2002, Pacific Grove, California

      American political scientist noted for his comparative studies of political systems (political system) and his analysis of political development.

      Almond received a Ph.D. from the University of Chicago in 1938 and taught at Brooklyn College from 1939 to 1946, except during his service in the U.S. Office of War Information (1942–45). After teaching at Yale University (1947–51 and 1959–63) and at Princeton University (1951–59), he was appointed professor of political science at Stanford University in 1963, heading its department from 1964 to 1968. He served as president of the American Political Science Association (1965–66) and received its James Madison Award in 1981.

      Almond was author or coauthor of numerous scholarly articles and books, including the groundbreaking The Civic Culture (1963). In this work, Almond and his coauthor, Sidney Verba, differentiated between political cultures in which citizens were active or inactive in civic affairs, explored the relationship between citizen participation and attitudes toward their political system, and maintained that a country's political institutions must coincide with its political culture for it to have a stable political system. Among Almond's other publications are The Struggle for Democracy in Germany (1949; written with others and edited by Almond), The American People and Foreign Policy (1950), The Appeals of Communism (1954), The Politics of the Developing Areas (1960; written with others and edited by Almond), Political Development (1970), and Plutocracy and Politics in New York City (1998). He also wrote, with others, Comparative Politics: System, Process, Policy (1978), The Civic Culture Revisited (1980), and Progress and Its Discontents (1982).

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