- Zardari, Asif Ali
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▪ 2009born July 26, 1955, Karachi, Pak.Asif Ali Zardari, the husband of former Pakistani prime minister Benazir Bhutto, was elected president of Pakistan on Sept. 6, 2008. Zardari had assumed de facto leadership of the Pakistan People's Party (PPP) following Bhutto's assassination on Dec. 27, 2007.Zardari was educated at St. Patrick's School in Karachi and later studied business in London. He gained a reputation as a playboy and gadfly for his easygoing lifestyle. Zardari was an avid polo player and an intense competitor but demonstrated little interest in the political scene. His betrothal to Bhutto, who was the daughter of former president (1971–73) and prime minister (1973–77) Zulfikar Ali Bhutto and whom he had first met five days prior to the public announcement of their engagement, surprised many observers. On Dec. 18, 1987, the two were married in an arranged and relatively simple ceremony. The couple had three children: a son, Bilawal, and two daughters, Bakhtwar and Asifa.The couple had been married less than a year when Pres. Mohammad Zia-ul-Haq was killed, ending more than a decade of military rule. Bhutto's subsequent success at the polls ushered her into office as prime minister. In 1990 her tenure was cut short by corruption-related scandals, however, and both she and Zardari were the focus of attacks from opposition politicians as well as disgruntled members of the PPP, Bhutto's own party. Arrested on kidnapping and extortion charges, Zardari was imprisoned in 1990, and following his release in 1993, corruption allegations against him multiplied (some labeled him “Mr. Ten Percent,” alleging that he had taken kickbacks on large government contracts during Bhutto's tenure in office).Zardari served as a member of the National Assembly from 1990 to 1993—during which time he was periodically released from prison to attend sessions—and from 1993 to 1996. After Bhutto's return to power in 1993, he served as minister of the environment (1993–96) and federal minister for investment (1995–96) in her government. Zardari aggressively sought control of the PPP, but he was the subject of ever-increasing criticism from opponents within and outside the party. In addition, Zardari was deeply involved in a Bhutto family feud led by Bhutto's brother, Murtaza, and mother, Nusrat; the conflict between Zardari and Murtaza over leadership of the Bhutto clan ruptured the PPP and destabilized Bhutto's government. The Murtaza-Zardari rivalry ended abruptly on Sept. 20, 1996, when Murtaza was shot and killed by police.Zardari was implicated in Murtaza's death, and following the dissolution of Bhutto's second government in November 1996, he was arrested on charges that included corruption, money laundering, and murder. Although never convicted, Zardari was imprisoned from 1997 to 2004; he was elected to the Senate from his jail cell during this time. The toll exacted on Zardari's health by his imprisonment was considerable. Following his release he sought medical treatment in the U.S. for psychological distress. He returned to Pakistan with Bhutto's resumption of political activity in 2007 and was given amnesty for his alleged offenses. Following Bhutto's death Zardari named his son, Bilawal, chairman of the PPP and made himself the party's cochairman.Lawrence Ziring
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▪ president of Pakistanborn July 26, 1955, Karachi, Pak.president of Pakistan (2008– ) and de facto leader of the Pakistan People's Party (PPP) following the assassination of his wife, former prime minister Benazir Bhutto (Bhutto, Benazir), on Dec. 27, 2007.Zardari—the son of Hakim Ali Zardari, a Sindhi landlord, businessman, and politician—was educated at Saint Patrick's School in Karachi (Karāchi) and later studied business in London. He gained a reputation as a playboy and gadfly for his easygoing lifestyle; an avid polo player and an intense competitor, Zardari demonstrated little interest in the political scene. His betrothal to Bhutto, who was the daughter of former president (1971–73) and prime minister (1973–77) Zulfikar Ali Bhutto (Bhutto, Zulfikar Ali) and whom he had first met five days prior to the public announcement of their engagement, surprised many observers. On Dec. 18, 1987, the two were married in an arranged and relatively simple ceremony; they went on to have three children: a son, Bilawal, and two daughters, Bakhtwar and Asifa.The couple had been married less than a year when Pres. Mohammad Zia-ul-Haq (Zia-ul-Haq, Mohammad) was killed, ending more than a decade of military rule. Bhutto's subsequent success at the polls ushered her into office as prime minister. In 1990 her tenure was cut short by corruption-related scandal, however, and both Zardari and his wife were the focus of attacks from opposition politicians as well as disgruntled members of the PPP, Bhutto's own party. Arrested on kidnapping and extortion charges, Zardari was imprisoned in 1990, and, following his release in 1993, corruption allegations against him multiplied (some labeled him “Mr. Ten Percent,” alleging he took kickbacks on large government contracts during Bhutto's tenure in office).Zardari served as a member of the National Assembly from 1990 to 1993—during which time he was periodically released from prison to attend sessions—and from 1993 to 1996. After Bhutto's return to power in 1993, he served as minister of the environment (1993–96) and federal minister for investment (1995–96) in her government. Zardari aggressively sought control of the PPP, but he was the subject of ever-increasing criticism from opponents within and outside the party. In addition, Zardari was deeply involved in a Bhutto family feud led by Bhutto's brother, Murtaza, and mother, Nusrat; the conflict between Zardari and Murtaza over leadership of the Bhutto clan ruptured the PPP and destabilized Bhutto's government. The Murtaza-Zardari rivalry ended abruptly on Sept. 20, 1996, when Murtaza was shot and killed by police.Zardari was implicated in Murtaza's death, and, following the second dissolution of Bhutto's government in November 1996, he was arrested on charges that included corruption, money laundering, and murder. Although never convicted, Zardari was imprisoned from 1997 to 2004; he was elected to the Senate from his jail cell during this time. The toll exacted on Zardari's health by his imprisonment was considerable. Following his release, Zardari sought medical treatment in the United States for psychological distress. He returned to Pakistan with Bhutto's resumption of political activity in 2007 and was given amnesty for his alleged offenses. Following Bhutto's death in December 2007, Zardari named his son, Bilawal, chairman of the PPP and made himself the party's cochairman.In the parliamentary elections of February 2008, the PPP captured one-third of the available seats, while the party of former prime minister Nawaz Sharif (Sharif, Nawaz) won one-fourth of the seats. In March the two parties formed a coalition government. Although disagreements destabilized the administration in the months following its formation, in August 2008 Zardari and Sharif led the movement to impeach Pres. Pervez Musharraf (Musharraf, Pervez). To avoid further public embarrassment, Musharraf resigned his office. Sharif and Zardari were not reconciled, however, and their sustained feuding ultimately caused Sharif to withdraw his party from the coalition. Zardari easily won the September 2008 presidential elections.Lawrence Ziring* * *
Universalium. 2010.