Weizman, Ezer

▪ 2006

      Israeli military officer and politician (b. June 15, 1924, Tel Aviv, British-mandated Palestine [now Tel Aviv, Israel]—d. April 24, 2005, Caesarea, Israel), evolved from a hawkish military leader—noted for his guidance of the Israeli Air Force (IAF) to victory in the Six-Day War (1967)—into a peace advocate who played a key role in Israel's historic 1979 treaty with Egypt. He also served as president of Israel (1993–2000). The nephew of Chaim Weizmann, Israel's first president, Weizman (who dropped the second “n” from his name) was a pilot with the British Royal Air Force during World War II. He later helped found the IAF and, as its commander (1958–66), transformed the IAF into a formidable force. He was named chief of military affairs in 1966 and the following year planned a preemptive strike against Arab forces that were preparing to attack Israel. The IAF's devastating air assault ensured Israel's victory and made Weizman a national hero. After leaving the military in 1969, he became a member of the Herut party, a forerunner of Likud, and engineered the Likud victory in 1977 that gave Menachem Begin the prime ministership. As minister of defense (1977–80), Weizman began to campaign for peace. His rapport with Egyptian Pres. Anwar el-Sadat eased the Israeli-Egyptian negotiations that culminated in the Camp David Accords (1978) and the first peace treaty between Israel and an Arab country. In the 1980s Weizman switched to the Labour Party and held several cabinet posts until 1990, when he was dismissed for unauthorized meetings with the Palestine Liberation Organization. Weizman, who was noted for his combative behaviour, was twice elected (1993, 1998) to the largely ceremonial post of president but resigned amid allegations of financial wrongdoing.

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▪ president of Israel

born June 15, 1924, Tel Aviv, Palestine [now Tel Aviv–Yafo, Israel]

died April 24, 2005, Caesarea, Israel

      Israeli soldier and politician who was the seventh president of Israel (1993–2000).

      Weizman was the nephew of Israel's first president, Chaim Weizmann (Weizmann, Chaim), and during World War II he served as a pilot in Britain's Royal Air Force. Afterward he became one of the founding officers of the Israel Air Force (IAF), a branch of the Israel Defense Forces (IDF). In 1958 Weizman was appointed commander in chief of the IAF and set out to transform and modernize it, particularly its strategy and tactics. His meticulous training and detailed preparation laid the foundation for the success of Israel's air strike against Egypt during the Six-Day War of June 1967 (see Arab-Israeli wars).

      In 1966 Weizman was appointed chief of military operations, the second-ranking position in the IDF and the customary stepping-stone to the post of chief of staff. When he learned in 1969 that Prime Minister Golda Meir (Meir, Golda) had vetoed his appointment as chief of staff, Weizman resigned his commission. That same year he joined the Gahal party, a forerunner of the Likud, was elected to the Knesset (parliament), and was nominated as the party's candidate for the Ministry of Transport in a National Unity government. The Gahal soon withdrew from the government, and Weizman briefly retired from active political life after sharp differences with Menachem Begin (Begin, Menachem) over the conduct of the Herut (a party within the Gahal). Weizman returned in 1977 when he organized the highly successful Likud election campaign that gave Begin the premiership and ended 30 years of Labour Party (Israel Labour Party) dominance.

      In 1977 Weizman was named minister of defense, and the following year he played a major role in the peace negotiations with Egypt, which ultimately led to the signing of the Camp David Accords. In 1980 Weizman resigned his cabinet post and for the next four years worked in the business sector. In 1984, however, he founded the political party Yahad. The following year he was named coordinator of Arab affairs but in 1992 resigned from the Knesset. In 1993 he was elected president, a largely ceremonial post, and was reelected in 1998. In 2000, amid allegations of financial wrongdoing, Weizman resigned because of poor health.

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