Chase, Merrill Wallace

Chase, Merrill Wallace
▪ 2005

      American immunologist (b. Sept. 17, 1905, Providence, R.I.—d. Jan. 5, 2004, New York, N.Y.), discovered the importance of white blood cells in the human immune system. Previous to his work, the scientific community believed that humoral immunity, which involves antibodies, constituted the body's only defense against disease. In the early 1940s, however, Chase found that he could not transfer immunity to tuberculosis from one guinea pig to another by using antibodies in blood serum. When he transferred white blood cells, he successfully immunized the animal and thus identified the second branch of the immune system, cell-mediated immunity. He was elected to the National Academy of Sciences in 1975.

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