Cernik, Oldrich

▪ 1995

      Czechoslovak politician (b. Oct. 27, 1921, Ostrava, Czech.—d. Oct. 19, 1994, Prague, Czech Republic), was one of the architects of the brief period of economic and political reform in 1968 known as the Prague Spring. Cernik, a miner's son, went at age 16 to work in the steel mills around heavily industrialized Ostrava. After joining the Communist Party in 1945, he began (1949) to work in the organization; his ascent was rapid and by 1956 he had become a member of the party's Central Committee. He studied engineering by correspondence and earned a degree in 1964. Cernik gained a reputation as an able technocrat, and in 1960 he was named minister of fuel. He joined forces with others who believed in the decentralization of the state's economy and worked as a behind-the-scenes player in attempts to advance reform. In 1966 he was elected to the party's Presidium. In April 1968 Cernik was appointed prime minister by party president Alexander Dubcek. Cernik was considered a centrist and a master at conciliation. After Warsaw Pact troops occupied Prague in August, he and a handful of other politicians were handcuffed and led away to the Soviet Union. Upon his return, he tried to maintain a balancing act, calling upon his countrymen to cooperate and publicly supporting the country's accord with Moscow while also promising to continue economic reform. In 1969 he was named prime minister of the new federal government of Czechoslovakia, and he actively disassociated himself from the "errors" that he and others had committed. His about-face was insufficient; in January 1970 he was forced out as prime minister and by the end of the year expelled from the party. Cernik's attempts to rekindle his political career after the fall of the communist regime in 1989 were unsuccessful.

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