Carvalho, Apolonio Pinto de

▪ 2006

 Brazilian politician and activist (b. Feb. 9?, 1912, Corumbá, Braz.—d. Sept. 23, 2005, Rio de Janeiro, Braz.), battled fascists at home, in Spain, and in France. He was an officer in the Brazilian army when he first embraced left-wing nationalism. Carvalho joined the short-lived Aliança Nacional Libertadora and was jailed after his alleged involvement in a failed coup against dictator Getúlio Vargas in 1935. Carvalho was released in 1937 and sailed for Spain, where he fought on the side of the Republicans in that country's civil war. During World War II he fought in the French Resistance and was awarded the Legion of Honour, France's highest award to foreigners. In 1946 Carvalho returned to Brazil, where he was active in communist movements until he was arrested in 1969 and eventually exiled. He returned to Brazil in 1979 and helped found the Workers' Party. His autobiography, Vale a pena sonhar, was published in 1997.

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