Bazargan, Mehdi

▪ 1996

      Iranian political leader (b. September 1907?, Tehran, Iran—d. Jan. 20, 1995, Zürich, Switz.), as a longtime leader of the Muslim opposition to Mohammad Reza Shah Pahlavi, was named the first prime minister of the Islamic Republic of Iran on Feb. 5, 1979. His calls for moderation and order failed to stem the tide of violent fundamentalism under Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini, however, and he resigned on November 6, two days after extremists captured the U.S. embassy in Tehran. Barzargan was the son of an Azerbaijani merchant and was educated in thermodynamics and engineering at the École Centrale des Arts et Manufactures in Paris. He returned to Iran to teach engineering at the University of Tehran, where he eventually became dean of the College of Technology. In 1951 he was made director of the newly nationalized oil industry by Prime Minister Mohammad Mosaddeq. In 1953 Mosaddeq was ousted and the shah restored to power in a Western-backed coup. Despite being arrested and jailed several times, Bazargan continued to campaign against the shah, cofounding the opposition National Resistance Movement (1953) and the National Liberation Movement of Iran (1961). After Khomeini finally replaced the shah in 1979, Bazargan was appointed head of the provisional government. He complained that he had little real power, however, and resigned after only nine months when Khomeini supported the seizure of the U.S. embassy and the taking of more than 50 American hostages.

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▪ prime minister of Iran

also spelled  Mahdī Bāzargān 

born September 1907?, Tehrān, Iran

died January 20, 1995, Zürich, Switzerland

      Iranian educator and politician who in 1979 became the first prime minister of the Islamic Republic of Iran. Unable to stem the tide of violent extremism under Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini (Khomeini, Ruhollah), he resigned after only nine months in office.

      Bazargan, the son of an Azerbaijani merchant, was educated in thermodynamics and engineering at the École Centrale des Arts et Manufactures in Paris. He returned to Iran to teach engineering at the University of Tehrān, where he eventually became dean of the College of Technology. Bazargan supported Prime Minister Mohammad Mosaddeq (Mosaddeq, Mohammad), under whom he was made director of the newly nationalized oil industry. Mosaddeq's growing power eventually forced Mohammad Reza Shah Pahlavi briefly to flee the country in 1953, but a coup backed by the U.S. Central Intelligence Agency ousted Mosaddeq later that year. This episode lead to Bazargan's being arrested and jailed several times, but he continued to campaign against the monarchy, cofounding the opposition National Resistance Movement (1953) and the National Liberation Movement of Iran (LMI; 1961).

      After Khomeini (Khomeini, Ruhollah) replaced the shah during the Iranian Revolution of 1979, he appointed Bazargan head of the provisional government. Bazargan complained that he had little power, however, and resigned on November 6, 1979, when Khomeini supported the seizure of the U.S. embassy and the detention of more than 50 American diplomats (Iran hostage crisis) and employees. The following year Bazargan was elected to the Majles (parliament), where he headed the LMI list. His party boycotted the 1984 parliamentary elections, and the Council of Guardians denied Bazargan's petition to run for president in 1985.

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