nitro compound

nitro compound
Any of a class of chemical compounds in which the nitro group (―NO2) forms part of the molecular structure.

The most common examples are organic compounds, isomers of nitrite esters in which a carbon atom is linked by a covalent bond to the nitro group's nitrogen atom. Many nitro compounds are commercially used as explosives, solvents, or raw materials and chemical intermediates. They are generally made by a reaction between nitric acid and an organic compound.

* * *

      any of a family of chemical compounds in which the nitro group (−O−N=O) forms part of the molecular structure. The most common examples are organic substances in which a carbon atom is linked by a covalent bond to the nitrogen atom of the nitro group. Nitro compounds are polar, and those with no other chemically reactive grouping are colourless or pale yellow liquids that are only slightly soluble in water. Many nitro compounds are commercially produced for use as explosives, solvents, or chemical intermediates (substances valued as raw materials in further chemical processing).

      A nitro compound ordinarily is made by the reaction, called nitration, between nitric acid and an organic compound. Nitration of aromatic compounds, such as benzene or toluene, is commonly effected by treating them with a mixture of nitric and sulfuric acids at temperatures of 100° C or lower. These temperatures are not high enough for nitrating aliphatic compounds; propane, however, is commercially converted to a mixture of nitromethane, nitroethane, 1-nitropropane, and 2-nitropropane by allowing it to react with nitric acid vapours at temperatures of about 400° C. The mixture is then separated into its components by fractional distillation.

      The most important reaction of aromatic nitro compounds is their reduction, which can be brought about by a wide variety of agents. Under acidic conditions, reduction almost always produces an amine. In neutral media, reduction may yield a hydroxylamine. In alkaline solution, compounds containing nitrogen-to-nitrogen bonds (azo, hydrazo, or azoxy compounds) are formed.

* * *


Universalium. 2010.

Игры ⚽ Поможем решить контрольную работу

Look at other dictionaries:

  • Nitro compound — The structure of the nitro group Nitro compounds are organic compounds that contain one or more nitro functional groups ( NO2). They are often highly explosive, especially when the compound contains more than one nitro group and is impure. The… …   Wikipedia

  • nitro compound — nitrojunginys statusas T sritis chemija formulė RNO₂ atitikmenys: angl. nitro compound rus. нитросоединение …   Chemijos terminų aiškinamasis žodynas

  • nitro-compound — nitro comˈpound or nitro derivˈative noun A compound in which one or more hydrogens of an aromatic or aliphatic compound are replaced by nitro groups • • • Main Entry: ↑nitro …   Useful english dictionary

  • aci-nitro compound — acinitrojunginys statusas T sritis chemija apibrėžtis Nitrojunginio tautomerinė forma. formulė R₂C=N(O)OH atitikmenys: angl. aci nitro compound; nitronic acid rus. аци нитросоединение; нитроновая кислота ryšiai: sinonimas – nitrono rūgštis …   Chemijos terminų aiškinamasis žodynas

  • Nitro — may refer to: Contents 1 Chemistry 2 Entertainment 3 Television 4 …   Wikipedia

  • Nitro-Verbindung — (f) eng nitro compound …   Arbeitssicherheit und Gesundheitsschutz Glossar

  • compound — compound1 compoundable, adj. compoundedness, n. compounder, n. adj. /kom pownd, kom pownd /; n. /kom pownd/; v. /keuhm pownd , kom pownd/, adj. 1. composed of two or more parts, elements, or ingredients: Soap is a compound substance. 2 …   Universalium

  • Nitro Circus — Format Reality television Created by Gregg Godfrey Jeremy Rawle Jeff Tremaine Travis Pastrana J …   Wikipedia

  • nitro-derivative — nitro comˈpound or nitro derivˈative noun A compound in which one or more hydrogens of an aromatic or aliphatic compound are replaced by nitro groups • • • Main Entry: ↑nitro …   Useful english dictionary

  • Nitro blue tetrazolium chloride — Identifiers CAS number 298 83 9 …   Wikipedia

Share the article and excerpts

Direct link
Do a right-click on the link above
and select “Copy Link”