Younghusband, Sir Francis Edward
- Younghusband, Sir Francis Edward
-
born May 31, 1863, Murree, India
died July 31, 1942, Lytchett Minster, Dorset, England
British army officer and explorer.
He forced the conclusion of the Anglo-Tibetan Treaty (1904) that gained Britain long-sought trade concessions. His two initial attempts to negotiate trade and frontier issues with Tibet failed despite British military action; he then marched to Lhasa with British troops and forced the conclusion of a trade treaty, though the
Dalai Lama, Tibet's leader, had fled. See also
amban.
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▪ British army officer
born May 31, 1863, Murree, India
died July 31, 1942, Lytchett Minster, Dorset, England
British army officer and explorer whose travels, mainly in northern India and Tibet, yielded major contributions to geographical research; he also forced the conclusion of the Anglo-Tibetan Treaty (September 6, 1904) that gained Britain long-sought trade concessions.
Younghusband entered the army in 1882 and in 1886–87 crossed Central Asia from Beijing to Yarkand (now in the Uygur Autonomous Region of Xinjiang,
China). Continuing on to India by way of the long-unused Mustagh (
Muztag) Pass of the Karakoram Range, he proved the range to be the water divide between India and Turkistan. On two later expeditions to Central Asia he explored the Pamirs (mountains).
After repeated British attempts to gain trading rights with
Tibet,
Lord Curzon (
Curzon, George Nathaniel Curzon, Marquess, Viscount Scarsdale, Baron Ravensdale), viceroy of India, authorized Younghusband to cross the Tibetan border accompanied by a military escort to negotiate trade and frontier issues (July 1903). When efforts to begin negotiations failed, the British, under the command of Major General James Macdonald, invaded the country and slaughtered some 600 Tibetans at Guru. Younghusband moved on to Jiangzi (Gyantze), where his second attempt to begin trade negotiations also failed. He then marched into Lhasa, the capital, with British troops and forced the conclusion of a trade treaty with the Dalai Lama, Tibet's ruler. This action brought him a knighthood in 1904.
Additional Reading
George Seaver, Francis Younghusband, Explorer and Mystic (1952), is a biography. The expedition to Tibet is analyzed in Peter Fleming, Bayonets to Lhasa (1961, reprinted 1974); and Parshotam Mehra, The Younghusband Expedition (1968).
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Universalium.
2010.
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Younghusband, Sir Francis Edward — (31 may. 1863, Murree, India–31 jul. 1942, Lytchett Minster, Dorset, Inglaterra). Explorador y militar británico. Forzó la conclusión del tratado anglo tibetano (1904) que otorgó a Gran Bretaña concesiones comerciales largamente esperadas. A… … Enciclopedia Universal
Francis Edward Younghusband — Francis Younghusband Sir Francis Edward Younghusband (31 mai 1863 31 juillet 1942) était un lieutenant colonel de l armée anglaise et un explorateur. Il est principalement connu pour ses périples en extreme orient et en Asie centrale. Il a d… … Wikipédia en Français
Francis — Francis. Asteroide nº. 2050 de la serie (1974 KA), descubierto el 28 de mayo de 1974 por Eleanor Francis Helin desde Monte Palomar. La descubridora lo nombró en honor de sus padres Fred y Kay Francis. Lista de asteroides * * * Francis, turbina *… … Enciclopedia Universal
Francis Younghusband — Portrait photographique de Francis Younghusband. Sir Francis Edward Younghusband (31 mai 1863 31 juillet 1942) était un lieutenant colonel de l armée anglaise et un explorateur. Il est principalement connu pour ses périples en extreme orient et… … Wikipédia en Français
sir — /serr/, n. 1. a respectful or formal term of address used to a man: No, sir. 2. (cap.) the distinctive title of a knight or baronet: Sir Walter Scott. 3. (cap.) a title of respect for some notable personage of ancient times: Sir Pandarus of Troy … Universalium
Edward — /ed weuhrd/, n. 1. Prince of Wales and Duke of Cornwall ( The Black Prince ), 1330 76, English military leader (son of Edward III). 2. Lake, a lake in central Africa, between Uganda and the Democratic Republic of the Congo: a source of the Nile.… … Universalium
Edward — (as used in expressions) Abbey, Edward Acheson, Edward Goodrich Acton (de Aldenham), John Emerich Edward Dahlberg Acton, 1 barón Albee, Edward (Franklin) Edward Teach Bax, Sir Arnold (Edward Trevor) Bellamy, Edward Bernays, Edward L. Charles… … Enciclopedia Universal
Francis — /fran sis/, n. a male given name: from an Old French word meaning Frenchman. * * * (as used in expressions) Abbott George Francis Adams Charles Francis Bacon Francis Viscount St. Albans Bacon Francis Bayard Thomas Francis Beaumont Francis Bebey… … Universalium
Francis Younghusband — Lieutenant Colonel Sir Francis Edward Younghusband, KCSI, KCIE (31 May 1863 – 31 July 1942, Dorset[1]) was a British Army officer, explorer, and spiritual writer. He is remembered chiefly for his travels in the Far East and Central Asia;… … Wikipedia
Francis Younghusband — Francis Edward Younghusband (* 31. Mai 1863 in Murree, Indien; † 31. Juli 1942 in Lytchett Minster, Dorset, Vereinigtes Königreich) war ein britischer Offizier und Forschungsreisender. Inhaltsverzeichnis … Deutsch Wikipedia
