Russell (of Kingston Russell), John Russell, 1st Earl
- Russell (of Kingston Russell), John Russell, 1st Earl
-
born Aug. 18, 1792, London, Eng.
died May 28, 1878, Pembroke Lodge, Richmond Park, Surrey
British politician and prime minister (1846–52, 1865–66).
A member of the prominent
Russell family, he entered Parliament in 1813. He was a strong advocate of reform and made it a cause of the
Whig Party, leading the effort to pass the
Reform Bill of 1832. He served in Viscount
Melbourne's government as home secretary (1835), reducing the number of crimes liable to capital punishment and beginning state support of public education. In the 1840s he advocated free trade and forced
Robert Peel out of office. Russell became prime minister in 1846 and established the 10-hour day in factories (1847) and a board of public health (1848), but party disunity defeated his attempts at wider social and economic reform.
* * *
Universalium.
2010.
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