Pickford, Mary

orig. Gladys Mary Smith

born April 9, 1893, Toronto, Ont., Can.

died May 28, 1979, Santa Monica, Calif., U.S.

Canadian-born U.S. film actress.

She acted with a stock company from age 5, went on tour at 8, and was performing on Broadway by 18. She starred in D.W. Griffith's The Lonely Villa (1909) and by 1913 was acting in movies exclusively. One of the first movie stars, she became a symbol of innocence and was known as "America's sweetheart." Her silent films include Tess of the Storm Country (1914), Rebecca of Sunnybrook Farm (1917), Poor Little Rich Girl (1917), and Pollyanna (1920). A shrewd businesswoman, she formed United Artists Corp. (1919) with her second husband, Douglas Fairbanks, and others. She received an Academy Award for her first sound film, Coquette (1929). She retired from acting in 1933 and received a special Academy Award in 1975.

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▪ American actress

original name  Gladys Mary Smith 

born April 9, 1893, Toronto, Ont., Can.

died May 28, 1979, Santa Monica, Calif., U.S.

      Canadian-born U.S. motion-picture actress, “America's sweetheart” of the silent screen, and one of the first film stars. At the height of her career, she was one of the richest and most famous women in the United States.

      Gladys Mary Smith was the daughter of actors. Soon after the death of her father she began taking child's roles in productions in which her mother was playing. She made her first stage appearance in a Toronto stock company at the age of five. At eight she went on tour and within 10 years was playing on Broadway. From 1906 the family adopted the name Pickford. She made her New York debut in David Belasco's The Warrens of Virginia in December 1907. At age 14 she had already learned more of stagecraft than many older actors, and her winsome face, framed by a mass of golden curls, made her appeal virtually irresistible.

      Pickford began working as a motion-picture extra at D.W. Griffith (Griffith, D W)'s Biograph Studio, starring in his 1909 film The Lonely Villa. By 1913 she had turned permanently to the screen, rising to first rank with Adolph Zukor (Zukor, Adolph)'s Famous Players Company. Her meteoric rise from an anonymous player to a star with her own production company (Mary Pickford Studios, created by Famous Players) was attributable not only to the phenomenal popularity of her films but also to her dedication to her craft and her meticulous care in creating quality entertainments. The ringleted ingenue with an expression of sweet sincerity and invincible innocence that she played in such silent films as Hearts Adrift (1914), Poor Little Rich Girl (1917), Rebecca of Sunnybrook Farm (1917), and Johanna Enlists (1918) enthralled audiences everywhere. She was known at first as the “Biograph Girl with the Curls” and then as “Our Mary” when that much of her name was revealed; with the release of Tess of the Storm Country in 1914, she was firmly established as “America's Sweetheart.” In 1917 First National Films paid her $350,000 for each of three films, including the very successful Daddy Long Legs (1919).

  In 1919 Pickford took the lead in organizing the United Artists Corporation with Griffith, Charlie Chaplin (Chaplin, Charlie), and Douglas Fairbanks (Fairbanks, Douglas). In 1920, after the dissolution of her first marriage (1911–19) to actor Owen Moore, she married Fairbanks (divorced 1935). Pickford's popularity continued unabated in Pollyanna (1920), Little Lord Fauntleroy (1921), Little Annie Rooney (1925), My Best Girl (1927), Coquette (1929; her first talking picture, for which she won an Academy Award for best actress), The Taming of the Shrew (1929; her only film with Fairbanks), and Kiki (1931).

      With Secrets (1933), her 194th film, Pickford retired from the screen. Thereafter she devoted herself to United Artists, of which she was first vice president from 1935 and for which she produced several films. She also wrote Why Not Try God (1934), The Demi-Widow (1935), and My Rendezvous with Life (1935), and in the 1930s she appeared on radio. In 1937 she married actor Charles (“Buddy”) Rogers. Her later years were spent on business and civic and charitable activities, and she eventually became a recluse at Pickfair, the lavish estate she had built with Fairbanks. Sunshine and Shadow, her autobiography, was published in 1955.

Additional Reading

Pickford's life and work are discussed in Booton Herndon, Mary Pickford and Douglas Fairbanks (1977); Scott Eyman, Mary Pickford, America's Sweetheart (1990); and Eileen Whitfield, Pickford: The Woman Who Made Hollywood (1997).

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