Papandreou, Georgios

born Feb. 13, 1888, Kaléntzi, Greece

died Nov. 1, 1968, Athens

Greek prime minister (1944, 1963, 1964–65).

He began his political career as a liberal in 1915 and served as minister of education (1929–33). In 1935 he founded the Democratic Socialist Party, then went into exile. He briefly headed a coalition government in 1944, then held ministerial posts (1946–52). He merged his party with the Liberal Party and formed the Centre Union in 1961. As prime minister in 1964 he introduced far-reaching social reforms, but he was dismissed by the king in 1965. After the military coup in 1967, he was jailed briefly with his son, Andreas Papandreou.

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▪ prime minister of Greece

born Feb. 13, 1888, Kaléntzi, Greece

died Nov. 1, 1968, Athens

      Greek liberal politician who was three times prime minister of his country.

      Papandreou studied at the University of Athens (L.L.D., 1911) and in Germany. He began his political career in 1915, served as governor of the Aegean Islands (1917–20), and was minister of education (1929–33) in the liberal antimonarchist government of Eleuthérios Venizélos (Venizélos, Eleuthérios). He broke away from the left wing of the Liberal Party and in 1935 founded the Democratic Socialist Party. During the dictatorship of Ioannis Metaxas, he was in exile, and he was imprisoned by the Germans in 1942–44 during World War II. Managing to escape, he then headed the Greek coalition government (initially a government-in-exile) from April 1944 until after the German army withdrew from Greece in October 1944, but he resigned in December of that year as the country slipped into civil war. From 1946 to 1952 he held ministerial posts in several governments. During a subsequent period in opposition, he merged his Democratic Socialist Party with the Liberal Party and in 1961 organized a new centre-left coalition, the Centre Union.

      In 1963 the Centre Union won a bare electoral majority, and Papandreou became prime minister; but he resigned shortly afterward to seek an absolute majority, which he obtained in new elections in 1964. As prime minister Papandreou introduced a program of social reforms more far-reaching than those sought by previous governments, and he also criticized what he viewed as the excessive influence of the United States in his country. A crisis developed in 1965 over Papandreou's (Papandreou, Andreas) insistence on giving ministerial posts to his son Andreas, and he also clashed with the Greek king, Constantine (Constantine II), over the control of conservative officers in the army. In July 1965 the king dismissed Papandreou from the prime ministry, after which a period of political instability ensued in Greece. In 1967, when it became clear that Papandreou's party was again headed for victory in upcoming general elections, a military junta seized power in Greece and arrested Papandreou and his son. They were later released, but the elder Papandreou died soon afterward.

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